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ANTENATAL CARE > PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Episodic uterine bleeding; A response to cyclic hormonal changes; Allows conception & implantation

A

MENSTRUATION

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2
Q

Brings an ovum to maturity & renew uterine tissue bed

A

MENSTRUATION

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3
Q

Decrease FSH and LH

A

Pregnancy

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4
Q

this is responsible for the ovulation & growth of the uterine lining

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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5
Q

Increase FSH and LH

A

Menstruation

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6
Q

Usually, occur at the age?

A

as early as 8-9 yrs; late as age 17

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7
Q

Length of the menstrual cycle

A

28 days, but, may differ

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8
Q

Length of menstrual flow

A

4-6 days (average)

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9
Q

First menstruation; occurs on the average of

11-14 years old (as early as 8, as late as 17)

A

Menarche

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10
Q

Painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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11
Q

Bleeding in between menstruation

A

Metrorrhagia

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12
Q

excessive or heavy bleeding which can

cause anemia

A

Menorrhagia

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13
Q

absence of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

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14
Q

cessation of menstruation; the average age is

51

A

Menopause

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15
Q

Hormone that initiates the menstrual cycle

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

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16
Q

This is responsible in releasing the GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to send the gonadotropic hormone to the ovaries to produce estrogen

A

GnRH

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18
Q

This produces the FSH and LH

A

Anterior Pituitary

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19
Q

“Hormone of the Woman”

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

A. Development of secondary sex characteristics in
female
B. Inhibits production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
C. Responsible for hypertrophy of myometrium

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

the clear, slippery texture of an uncooked

egg white, typical of cervical mucus during ovulation

A

Spinnbarkeit

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22
Q

test for the presence of estrogen in the
cervical mucus; estrogen causes cervical mucus to
dry on a slide in a fernlike pattern

A

Ferning

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23
Q

a method of estimating ovulation time
by changes in the mucus of the cervix that occurs
during the menstrual cycle

A

Billing Method-

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24
Q

Responsible for sodium retention therefore

causing weight gain

A

Estrogen

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25
“Hormone of the Mother” | "hormone of pregnancy"
Progestin or Progesterone
26
➢Promotes development of placenta and mammary glands ➢ Responsible for increased basal body temperature ➢ Responsible for mood swings of the woman
Progesterone
27
this hormone prepares the endometrium for implantation of | fertilized ovum
Progesterone
28
- Inhibits uterine contractility - Inhibits production of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - Decreased GIT motility leading to constipation
Progesterone
29
Contain primordial cells activated by the FSH to begin to grow & mature.
Ovaries
30
a process where the ovum is set free from the surface of the ovary
ovulation
31
happens immediately after menstrual flow; a gradual increase in estrogen, rapid the proliferation of endometrium to eightfold
Proliferative Phase
32
Proliferative Phase ______ days of a cycle
6-14
33
occurs after ovulation; endometrium become corkscrew or twisted in appearance & dilated with glycogen & mucin; increase the number of capillaries that causes rich, spongy velvet appearance of the lining.
Secretory Phase
34
Secretory Phase______ days of a cycle
15-21
35
if fertilization does not occur,The Corpus luteum begins to regress after 8 to 10 days - decrease the production of estrogen & progesterone - degeneration of uterine lining due to decrease progesterone. - the capillaries rupture with minute hemorrhage - endothelium sloughs of
Ischemic Phase
36
Ischemic Phase______ days of a cycle
22-28
37
- Blood, mucin, endometrial tissues & microscopic, unfertilized ovum is discharged from the uterus - the only external marker of the menstrual cycle
Menses
38
Menses ______ days of a cycle
1-5
39
the only external marker of the cycle
Menses
40
menstrual flow contains only
30 - 80 mL
41
Also known as fertilization or impregnation; Union of an ovum & spermatozoon
Conception
42
Contact between the growing structure & | uterine endometrium
Implantation
43
Occurs _________ after fertilization
8 to 10 days
44
_____________ is the fertilized ovum
Zygote
45
it travels _____ days to reach the uterus while mitotic cell division and sex differentiation begins
3-4 days
46
is the mulberry like ball containing 16-50 cells; as it reaches the uterus it continues to float and multiply for________days
Morula; 4 days
47
when blastocyst begins to BRUSH the endometrial lining
Apposition
48
When blastocyte begins to ATTACH to the endometrial lining
Adhesion
49
When blastocyst begins to SETTLE DOWN the endometrial lining
Invasion
50
implanted zygote
Embryo
51
5 phases of pre embryonic
``` Zygote Morula Blastocyst Embryo Fetus ```
52
development of an unborn child is called
Fetus
53
thickened endometrium
Decidua
54
part of the endometrium which is located directly under the fetus where the placenta is developed
Basalis
55
part of the endometrium that encapsulates the fetus
Capsularis
56
the remaining portion of the endometrium
Vera
57
probing fingers
Chronic Villi
58
serves as a fetal lung, kidneys and GIT; has circulatory & | endocrine functions
Placenta-
59
innermost membrane of the placenta
Amnion
60
connects the fetus to placenta
Umbilical cord
61
it has _________ which is protected by Wharton’s jelly; this is a must check during einc
2 arteries and a vein
62
this can lead to abruption of the placenta and inversion of the uterus
Short Cord
63
can lead to cord coil or cord prolapse
Long Cord
64
clear, musty, or mousy odor with crystallized ferning pattern; slightly alkaline
Amniotic Fluid or “Bag Water”
65
Normal amount of BOW
500-1000 cc
66
Oligohydramnios :
less than 500 cc
67
Polyhydramnios :
More than 1500 cc
68
determine fetal lung maturity and genetic abnormalities
Amniocentesis
69
to determine genetic abnormalities, missing or lack chromosomes
Genetic screening
70
measures the quantity of fetal serum proteins
Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test
71
Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test | if increased may indicate _______
spina bifida or open neural tube defects
72
Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test | If decreased may indicate __________
Down Syndrome
73
protein component of the lung enzyme that | the alveoli forms
Surfactant
74
direct visualization through an intact fetal membrane
Amnioscopy
75
determine if Bag of Water (BOW) has ruptured or not
Fern Test
76
to differentiate urine from amniotic fluid
Nitrazine Paper Test
77
Color of urine and pH balance?
yellow - acidic
78
color of amniotic fluid and pH balance?
blue-green/blue-gray- alkaline
79
outermost membrane of the fetus; it is where the placenta developed
Chorion
80
came from greek word which means “Pancake;”; Combination of chorionic villi and decidua basalis
Placenta/ Secundines
81
Weigh of placenta
500g-1000g
82
Size of placenta
1 inch thick and 8 inches diameter
83
How many cotyledons is needed?
15-28 cotyledons
84
maintains Corpus Luteum at 1st trimester and the basis of pregnancy
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
85
responsible for development of the mammary glands
Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)
86
softens bones and joints
Relaxin
87
acts on the female genitalia to produce an environment suitable for fertilization, implantation and nutrition of the early embryo
Estrogen
88
prepares the lining (endometrium) of the uterus to receive and sustain the fertilized egg and so permits pregnancy
Progesterone
89
It serves as a protective barrier against some micro-organisms
Placenta
90
______month – the heart starts to beat
4th
91
critical period of heart development is from
day 20 to day | 50 after fertilization
92
connects the left and right atrium so that blood | can be supplied to brain, heart and kidney, bypassing fetal lungs
Foramen ovale
93
brings oxygenated blood coming from the placenta to the heart and liver
Umbilical vein
94
carry oxygenated blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava, bypassing fetal liver; becomes ligamentum venosum after birth
Ductus venosus
95
carry unoxygenated blood from the fetus (descending aorta) to placenta;
Umbilical arteries
96
carry oxygenated blood from pulmonary artery to aorta, bypassing fetal lung
Ductus arteriosus

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