Physiology of Shock Flashcards Preview

CLASP: Sudden Death 2020/2021 > Physiology of Shock > Flashcards

Flashcards in Physiology of Shock Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is Shock?

A

Condition of inadequate perfusion to sustain normal organ function

2
Q

What are the 5 main classes of Shock

A
Hypovolaemic 
Cardiogenic 
Obstructive 
Distributive 
Cytotoxic
3
Q

What is hypovolaemic shock

A

Loss of circulating volume

- reduced preload and cardiac output

4
Q

What is cariogenic shock

A

Myocardial dysfunction

- reduction in systolic function and cardiac output

5
Q

What is obstructive shock

A

Physical obstruction to filling of the heart

- reduced preload and cardiac output

6
Q

What is distributive shock

A

Significant reduction in SVR beyond the compensatory limits of increased CO

7
Q

What is cytotoxic shock

A

uncoupling of tissue oxygen delivery and mitochondrial oxygen uptake

8
Q

What are the 4 compensatory mechanisms of hypovolaemic shock

A

Baroreceptor reflexes
Sympathetic mediated neurohormonal response
Capillary absorption of interstitial fluid
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal response

9
Q

In what 3 physiological ways can CO be increased

A

Increase HR
Increase SV
Increase both

10
Q

What is the most common cause of cariogenic shock

A

MI

Acute valve dysfunction

11
Q

What are some clinical signs of cardiogenic shock

A
hypotension 
Fatigue 
Syncope 
Pulmonary oedema
Elevated JVP
12
Q

What is positive intropy

A

an increase in force of cardiac contraction for any given preload

13
Q

In terms of the nervous system how is positive intropy achieved

A

Sympathetic

14
Q

What drugs can replicate positive intropy

A

Dopamine

Adrenaline

15
Q

What is the treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

Intra-aortic balloon pump

16
Q

What are the common causes of Obstructive shock

A

PE
Cardiac Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax

17
Q

What is the treatment of PE

A

Anticoagulation +/- Thrombolysis

18
Q

What is the treatment of cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardial drainage

19
Q

What is the main treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

Decompression and chest drain