Physiology - Packman

Question 1

Mucous Neck Cells

Answer 1

produce mucous and bicarbonate

Question 2

Parietal/Oxcytinc cells

Answer 2

produce HCL/gastric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 3

Intrinsic factor

Answer 3

secreted from stomach and necessary for VIt B12 absorption

Question 4

Enterochromaffin-like cells

Answer 4

produce histamines

Question 5

Histamines

Answer 5

stimulate production of HCL/gastric acid, liberated by gastrin and PS system

Question 6

Chief/zymogenic cells

Answer 6

produce pepsinogen/proteolytic enzyme and gastric lipase

Question 7

Pepsinogen

Answer 7

produced as an inactive zymogen, activated in presence of HCL to become pepsin

Question 8

D cells

Answer 8

produce hormone somatostatin

Question 9

Somatostatin

Answer 9

secreted when acid is present in stomach, inhibits gastric acid secretion - how we control secretion of too much acid

Question 10

G cells

Answer 10

produce gastrin, released by gastrin releasing factor

Question 11

Gastrin

Answer 11

stimulates production of HCL, increases peristalsis, vasodilator; relaxes pyloric sphincter

Question 12

Pyloric glands

Answer 12

globet cells, produce mucus and gastrin

Question 13

Gastrin, histamine, ACH

Answer 13

stimulate HCL production

Question 14

H2 receptor

Answer 14

on parietal cells, histamine binds to stimulate gastric secretion and HCL; H2 blockers - Zantac - inhibit HCL formation

Question 15

Gastric Juice contains

Answer 15

HCL, Pepsin, AMylase, Gelatinase, Tribulyrase, Rennin - infants

Question 16

Ghrelin

Answer 16

hormone released from mucosa of stomach, stimulates CNS -inc appetite, CCK increases satiety

Question 17

Digestion of milk

Answer 17

casein –> rennin –> paracasein + Ca

Question 18

proton pump inhibitors

Answer 18

reduce HCL production, parietal cells secrete HCL into lumen, inhibit the K/H ATPase pump

Question 19

Zollinger-Ellison Synddrom

Answer 19

tumors increase gastrin release –> inc HCL –> Ulcers and GERD

Question 20

Ulcers

Answer 20

break in even continuity of tissue, peptic ulcers - ulcer comes in contact with gastric juice

Question 21

Intrinsic/Engdogenous resons for ulcers

Answer 21

1) Excess/inc HCL - will inc pepsin
2) decrease mucus
3) decrease in mucus resistance
4) helicobactor pylori

Question 22

Extrinsic/exogenous factors for ulcers

Answer 22

1)NSAIDS
2)Alcohol
3)Smoking
both inc HCL and pepsin
4)Stress

Question 23

Celiacs Disease

Answer 23

child, cells and galnds of stomach become flattened and can’t effectively digest food and electroylyte absorption in intestinses is diminishes; sensitive to gluten; outgrows

Question 24

Non-tropical sprue

Answer 24

adult; cells and glands in stomach and intestine become flat and is sensitive to gluten and wheat; autoimmune

Question 25

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 25

provides H+ for HCL production

Question 26

VIP

Answer 26

inhibits pyloric sphincter from opening, prevents rush of food

Question 27

Crypt of leiberkuhn

Answer 27

goblet cells produce mucus and paneth cells produce enzymes; in intestine

Question 28

CCK

Answer 28

inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion; inhibits pyloric sphincter; stimulates pancrease secretion rich in enzymes; contracts gallbladder and relaxes sphincter of oddi to release bile into small intestine

Question 29

Secretin

Answer 29

inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion; acid -> prosecretin +HCL --> secretin; stimulates pancrease to release alkaline material - bicarbonate; neutralizes acid

Question 30

GIP

Answer 30

inhibits material in gastric secretion - inhibits motility in stomach, inhibits gastric secretion

Question 31

Somatostatin

Answer 31

decreases motility, decrease gastric juice production

Question 32

LIver bile secretion

Answer 32

bile --> hepatic duct --> gallbladder --> vestibule /ampulla of vater --> sphincter of oddi

Question 33

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 33

pancreas, endocrine

Question 34

Trypsinogen

Answer 34

enerokinase converts to trypsin; pancreas enzyme; attacks proteins

Question 35

Chymotrypsinogen

Answer 35

activated by trypsin to chymotrypsin; attacks proteins; pancreas enzyme

Question 36

Procarbaxypolypepidase

Answer 36

activated by trypsin, attacks proteins, pancreas enzyme

Question 37

Enzymes of Pancreas

Answer 37

release is stimulated by CCK

Question 38

Enzymes of Small intestine

Answer 38

secretions occur in crypt of leiberkuhn;

Question 39

gallstones

Answer 39

calcium phosphate

Question 40

Enterocrinin

Answer 40

intestinal enzymes, causes release of enzymes from the small intestine