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Renal Step 1 > Physiology Part 1 > Flashcards

Physiology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Total body weight is _______ nonwater mass and _____ total body water

A

40%, 60%

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2
Q

Total body water is _____ extracellular fluid and ______ intracellular fluid

A

1/3, 2/3

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3
Q

Extracellular fluid is _____ plasma volume and _____ interstitial volume

A

1/4, 3/4

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4
Q

What is the 60-40-20 rule?

A

60% TBW, 40% ICF, and 20% ECF

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5
Q

Plasma volume is measured by _____

A

radiolabeled albumin

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6
Q

Extracellular volume is measured by ______

A

inulin

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7
Q

Osmolarity is _____

A

290 mOsm/L

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8
Q

The GF barrier is responsible for filtration of plasma according to _____ and _______

A

size, net charge

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9
Q

The GF barrier is composed of____, _______, and _________

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium
Fused GBM with heparan sulfate
Epithelial layer with podocyte food processes

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10
Q

Fenestrated capillary endothelium is the _______

A

size barrier

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11
Q

Fused GBM is the _________

A

negative charge barrier

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12
Q

_______ is lost in nephrotic syndrome

A

Charge barrier

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13
Q

What does nephrotic syndrome result in?

A

albuminuria
hypoproteinemia
generalized edema
hyperlipidemia

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14
Q

What is the renal clearance?

A

Volume of plasma from which the substance is completely cleared/time

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15
Q

What is the equation for Cx?

A

Cx=(UxV)/Px

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16
Q

What if Cx<GFR?

A

Net tubular reabsorption of X

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17
Q

What if Cx>GFR?

A

Net tubular secretion of X

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18
Q

What if Cx=GFR?

A

No net secretion or reabsorption of X

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19
Q

_______ can be used to calculate GFR because it is _________ and is neither _______ nor ________

A

Inulin clearance
freely filtered
reabsorbed
secreted

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20
Q

What is the equation for GFR?

A

GFR=Kf(Pgc-Pbs)-(PIEgc-PIEbs) where PIEbs is usually zero

Also UV/P because equals Cinulin

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21
Q

What is the normal GFR?

A

100mL/min

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22
Q

______ is an approximate measure of GFR.

A

Creatinine clearance

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23
Q

Creatinine clearance slightly _________ GFR because creatinine is moderately _________ by the renal tubules

A

overestimates

secreted

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24
Q

Incremental reductions in GFR define what?

A

The stages of CKD

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25
Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF) can be estimated using ______ because it is both ______ and actively _______ in the _______.
PAH clearance Filtered Actively secreted Proximal tubule
26
All PAH that enters the kidney is ________
Excreted
27
What is the equation for RBF?
RBF=RPF/(1-Hct)
28
ERPF underestimates RPF by ______
about 10%
29
ERPF equation?
ERPF=UV/P=Cpah
30
FF=
FF=GFR/RPF
31
FF is noramlly....
20%
32
Filtered Load=
FL=(GFR)X(Px)
33
GFR can be estimated with _________
Creatinine Clearance
34
RPF can be estimated with ___________
PAH Clearance
35
Prostaglandins _______
Dilate afferent arteriole
36
Prostaglandins ___ RPF, ____ GFR, and FF _____
Increase Increase Constant
37
What inhibits prostaglandins?
NSAIDs
38
AngII ________
Preferentially constricts efferent arteriole
39
AngII ______ RPF, ________ GFR, and FF_______
Decrease Increase Increase
40
Afferent Arteriole Constriction ____ RPF, ____ GFR, _____ FF
Decrease Decrease No Change
41
Efferent Arteriole Constriction ____ RPF, _____ GFR, ______ FF
Decrease Increase Increase
42
Increased plasma protein Concentration ____ RPF, ______ GFR, _________ FF
No Change Decrease Decrease
43
Decreased plasma protein concentration ___RPF, _____ GFR, ______ FF
No Change Increase GFR Increased FF
44
Constriction of ureter _____ RPF, ______ GFR, ____ FF
No change Decreases Decreases
45
Excretion Rate=
(V)X(Ux)
46
Reabsorption=
Filtered-Excreted
47
Secretion=
Excreted-Filtered
48
Glucose at normal plasma level is ______ reabsorbed in _________ by _________.
Completely Proximal tubule Na/Glucose cotransporter
49
Glucosuria (threshold) begins at _______
160 mg/dL
50
All transporters are fully saturated (Tm) at _____
350 mg/dL
51
Glucosuria is an important clinical clue to ______
Diabetes Mellitus
52
Normal pregnancy reduces reabsorption of ______ and _____ in the _______.
Glucose Amino Acids Proximal tubule
53
Normal pregnancy leads to ______ and _______
Glucosuria | Aminoaciduria
54
Amino Acids are cleared by ____________ in the ________
Sodium dependent transporters | Proximal tubule
55
What is Hartnup's disease?
Deficiency in neutral amino acids (trytophan) transporter
56
What does Hartnup's disease result in?
Pellagra
57
What blocks AngII?
ACE Inhibitor
58
Early PT contains _____
Brush Border
59
What does the early PT reabsorb all of?
Glucose and Amino acids
60
What does early PT reabsorb most of?
``` Bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Phosphate Water ```
61
PT results in ______ absorption
Isotonic
62
PT generates and secretes _____, which acts as what?
Ammonia | Buffer for secreted H+
63
In the PT, PTH inhibits _________
Na/Phosphate cotransporter
64
In the PT, PTH results in what?
Phosphate excretion
65
In the PT, ATII stimulates _________
Na/H exchange
66
In the PT, ATII results in what?
Increased Na, H20, and HCO3 reabsorption
67
In the PT, ATII permits what?
Contraction alkalosis (increase in blood pH as a results of fluid loss)
68
How much of Na is reabsorbed in the PT?
60-80%
69
Thin Desc. LOH _____ reabsorbs water via __________, because it is _______ to sodium.
passively medullary hypertonicity impermeable to sodium
70
Thin Desc. LOH can be described as the _______ segment as it makes urine _______.
Concentrating | Hypertonic
71
Thick Asc. LOH actively reabsorbs _______
Na K Cl
72
Thic Asc. LOH induces paracellular reabsorption of ____ through _________ generated by _______.
Mg, Ca Positive lumen potential K backleak
73
Thick Asc. LOH is _______ to water
impermeable
74
Thick Asc. LOH makes urine ________ as it ascends
Dilute
75
How much of Na is reabsorbed in the Thick Asc. LOH?
10-20%
76
Early Distal Convoluted tubule actively reabsorbs ________
Na | Cl
77
Early Distal Convoluted tubule makes urine _____tonic
hypo
78
PTH does what in the early distal convoluted tubule?
Increases Ca/Na exchange
79
PTH leads to what in the early distal convoluted tubule?
Ca reabsorption
80
How much Na is reabsorbed in the early distal convoluted tubule?
5-10%
81
Collecting Tubules reabsorb _____ in exchange for secreting _____ and ______. This is regulated by ______.
Na K, H Aldosterone
82
Aldosterone in the collecting tubules acts on ______ receptor and leads to _______.
Mineralocorticoid receptor | Insertion of Na channel on luminal side
83
ADH in the collecting tubules acts at _____ receptor and leads to _____.
V2 | insertion of Aquaporin water channels on luminal side
84
How much Na is reabsorbed in the collecting tubules?
3-5%

Renal Step 1 (6 decks)

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