Physiology Quiz 6

Question 1

Animals are ____.

Answer 1

Heterotrophic

Question 2

Energy content of diet must match the _____ of the animal.

Answer 2

Metabolic demands.

Question 3

The animal version of stored nutritional carbohydrate is the _____.

Answer 3

Polysaccharide glycogen.

Question 4

_____ are an important form of long term stored chemical energy in an animal.

Answer 4

Lipids (specifically triglycerides/triacylglycerols

Question 5

____ play many roles in animals, including a nutritional one.

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

____ must be present in an animal’s diet.

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

_____ do not have to be in the diet, but are still critically important in the life of the animal.

Answer 7

Non-essential amino acids

Question 8

Non-essential amino acids can be produced from essential amino acids by _____

Answer 8

Transamination

Question 9

_____ cannot be stored to any significant extent in the animal body

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

Since many proteins are unstable, ____ is an ongoing event.

Answer 10

Protein synthesis

Question 11

A ____ of amino acids in the cellular amino acid pool is mandatory.

Answer 11

Ready supply

Question 12

Protein function is often facilitated by non-protein accessory molecules generally referred to collectively as ____.

Answer 12

Cofactors

Question 13

Cofactors may be _____, ______, or _____

Answer 13

Metal ions, prosthetic groups, or coenzymes

Question 14

Many vitamins function as _____.

Answer 14

Coenzymes

Question 15

_____ can be grouped as water or lipid soluble

Answer 15

Vitamins

Question 16

Nutritionally, many ____ play fundamental roles

Answer 16

Minerals

Question 17

____ are usually, but not always, found in ionic form and they play a variety of roles

Answer 17

Minerals

Question 18

3 major steps of consideration

Answer 18

A) gathering food
B) digestion events
C) absorption events

Question 19

Food gathering methods can be illustrated by considering the types of food being gathered such as mechanisms for dealing with _____, ______, or _______

Answer 19

Small particles, larger particles or masses, or for taking in fluids or soft tissue.

Question 20

A second way to organize feeding techniques is to contrast _____ with _____

Answer 20

Selective feeding with non-selective feeding

Question 21

The process of digestion can be divided into _____ and ______

Answer 21

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Question 22

_____ is particularly concerned with cellulose.

Answer 22

Mechanical digestion

Question 23

Mollusks, insects, and herbivorous mammals are a good illustration of _______

Answer 23

Mechanical digestion

Question 24

Food is moved along the digestive tract by mechanisms involving ____ in some animals and specialized _____ in other animals

Answer 24

Cilia; gut musculature

Question 25

Chemical digestion can be _____ or _____

Answer 25

Intracellular or extracellular

Question 26

The more complex the animal, the more likely we are to see an emphasis on ______

Answer 26

Extracellular digestion

Question 27

The distinction between a ____ and ____ digestive tract is important

Answer 27

Complete and incomplete

Question 28

Energy content of a gram of a specific macro molecule: protein + carbs, fat

Answer 28

Protein + carbs = 4kcal/gm | Fat = 9kcal/gm

Question 29

Some food is ___ or ____

Answer 29

Indigestible or unmetabolizable

Question 30

Energy is lost in ____ or _____

Answer 30

Feces or urine

Question 31

Some energy is spent _____

Answer 31

Digesting food

Question 32

_____ increase in metabolic rate during digestion. An important source of thermal energy.

Answer 32

Specific dynamic action (SDA) or heat increment

Question 33

Carbohydrate formula

Answer 33

(CH2O)n

Question 34

Carbohydrates have many ____

Answer 34

(-OH) groups

Question 35

___ is the most common carbohydrate in animal diets

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

____ is the precursor to many other carbohydrates

Answer 36

Biosynthesis

Question 37

______ are the basic unit of the carbohydrate

Answer 37

Monosaccharides

Question 38

____ are used for energy and for biosynthesis

Answer 38

Monosaccharides

Question 39

Small carbohydrates have ____ carbons, but __ is most common

Answer 39

3-7 ; 6

Question 40

___ is the addition of carbohydrates to other molecules

Answer 40

glycosylation

Question 41

_____ are a long chain of monosaccharides

Answer 41

Polysaccharides

Question 42

Polysaccharides are used for _____ and ____. Provide an example polysaccharide for each function (give examples)

Answer 42

Energy storage - glycogen (in animals), starch (in plants) | Structural molecules - chitin (in insects), cellulose (in plants)

Question 43

Glycogen synthesis is known as ____

Answer 43

Glycogenesis

Question 44

Glycogen breakdown is known as ____

Answer 44

Glycogenolysis

Question 45

_____ are for long term energy storage

Answer 45

Lipids

Question 46

Lipids are ____ and have a ____ backbone

Answer 46

Hydrophobic; carbon

Question 47

Linear lipids

Answer 47

Aliphatic

Question 48

Ring lipids

Answer 48

Aromatic

Question 49

____ are fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone

Answer 49

Triglicerides

Question 50

_____ are stored as triglicerides

Answer 50

Fatty acids