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Physiology module 9 > Physiology sex, pregnancy and lactation > Flashcards

Physiology sex, pregnancy and lactation Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Most important source of sensory nerve signals for initiating the male sexual act.

A

Glans penis

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2
Q

Special modality of sensation

A

Exual sensation

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3
Q

S2, S3, S4

A

Pudendal nerve- sacral plexus- sacral portion of SC

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4
Q

Impulses may also enter the SC from areas adjacent to the penis

A

Anal epithelium
Scrotum
Perineal structures

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5
Q

First effect of male sexual stimulation

A

Penile erection

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6
Q

Degree of ercetion is proportional to the degree of stimulation wheather

A

Psychic

Physical

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7
Q

Male

A

Erection- orgasm- resolution

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8
Q

Facidity of penis after orgasm

A

Detumescence

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9
Q

The entire period of emission and ejaculation is called the

A

Male orgasm

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10
Q

At its termination, the male sexual excitement disappears almostentirely within 1-2 minutes and erection cease

A

Resolution

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11
Q

Successful performance of the female sexual act depends on both

A

Psychic stimulation

Sexual stimulation

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12
Q

Especially sensitive for initiating sexual sensations

A

Clitoris

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13
Q

Lead to erectile tissue

A

Genital tubercle

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14
Q

Female, lubrication

A

Bilateral bartholin glands

Vaginal epithelium

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15
Q

Vaginal epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

Wet mucosa

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16
Q

Age and menopause

A

Dry vagina

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17
Q

Sexual stimulation and psychic conditioning reaches maximum

A

Female orgasm or climax

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18
Q

Reflexes increase uterine and fallopian tube motility during the

A

Orgasm

Can fascilitate the meeting of egg and sperm

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19
Q

More on physical

More on psychic

A

Male

Female

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20
Q

One germ cell ( oocyte)

Surrounded by endocrine cells

A

Single ovarian follicle

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21
Q

Cells in ovarian follicle

A

Granulosa cell

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22
Q

About every 28 days, gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary cause about how many new follicles to begin to grow in the ovaries

A

8-12

But only 1 persist to become dominant follicle or graffian follicle

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23
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Graffian follicle

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24
Q

The mature ovum surrounded by the

A

Corona radiata

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25
Ovum fertilization
``` Mature ovum surrounded by corona radiata Dispersal of corna radiata Entry of the sperm Fromation of male and female pronuclei Reorganization of full complement of chromosomes and beginning division of the ovum ```
26
Excess
Pola bodies
27
4 sperm
1 spermatocyte
28
1 eggcell
1 oocyte
29
1 egg is to 1 sperm | No other sperm can penetrate
Acrosome reaction
30
Granulosa cells attached to the outside of the ovum
Corona radiata
31
Before a sperm can enter the ovum, it must first penetrate the multiple layers of
Corona radiata | Zona pellucida
32
3-4 days
Blastocyst
33
5 days
Implantation
34
Location that stay sperm and egg
Ampulla
35
Steps in ovulation to implantation
Ovulation Fertilization of the ovum in the fallopian tube Implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus Action of trophoblast cells in implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine endometrium
36
Before implantation, the blastocyst obtain its nutrition from the uterine endometrial secretion
Uterine milk
37
Implantation of blastocyst
Invasion of cyto and syncitiotrophoblast
38
Formation of syncitiothropoblast
Placental formation
39
Extra | Molar pregnancy
Kiawa
40
When conceptus implants in the endometrium
Continued secretion of progesterone | Endometrial cell swelling and storage of more nutrients
41
Endometrial cell swelling
Decidual cells
42
Only means of nutrition during 1st week until 7 weeks ( some of nutition)
Trophoblast cells invade the decidua
43
Placenta also begins to provide nutrition after
16th day beyond the fertilization | A little more than 1 week after implantation
44
Early nutrition
Trophoblast/ endometrium decidua
45
Later nutrition
Placental membrane
46
The source of blood of trophoblast
Spiral arteries
47
Spiral arteries are from the
Uterus
48
White s balot
Allantois
49
Function of the placenta
Nutrition O2 and CO2 exchange Fetal kidney Endocrine gland
50
In pregnancy, the placenta forms especially large quantities of the ff
HCG Estrogen Progesterone Human Chorionic Somatomammotrophin
51
Secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells into the fluids of the mother
HCG
52
HCG first appears in maternal blood
7-9 days post fertilization
53
HCG peaks at
8-10 weeks
54
HCG gradually falls to plateau at
18-22 weeks
55
Serum HCG
More accurate
56
Urine HCG
8-10 weeks
57
Mas uunang tumaas ang HCG kaysa s estrogen at progesterone
True
58
Scar in the ovary
Corpus albican
59
Prevents involution of the corpus luteum at the end of the monthly female sexual cycle
HCG
60
If CL is removed before approximately the 7-12 week
Spontaneous abortion almost always occur
61
Secretes sufficient quantities of progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy
Placenta
62
CL involutes slowly after the
13-17 week of gestation
63
HCG produce _________ in male fetuses
Testicular estrogen
64
Estrogens function in mother
Enlargement of uterus Enlargement of breast Enlargement of female external genitalia Relax the pelvic ligaments
65
Woman with high adipose
More estrogen Late menopause Strong bones Risk in uterine cancer
66
Non pregnant
Estradiol | Ovary
67
Pregnancy
Estriol Placenta Fetal adrenal- original source
68
After menopause
Estrone | Adipose
69
Relaxing hormone
Progesterone
70
Causes decidual cells to develop in the uterine endometrium
Progesterone
71
Progesterone functions
Decrease contractility of pregnant uterus | Also in GIT and GUT
72
Progesterone helps the estrogen prepare the mothers
Breast for lactation
73
Progesterone increase the secretion of the mothers fallopian tubes and uterus to provide appropriate nutritive matter for the developing
Morulla
74
Human chorionic somatomammotropin
Placenta 5th week | Proportion to the weight of placenta
75
HCS formerly known as
Human placental lactogen
76
HCS weak action similar to those of
Growth hormone
77
HCS is diabeticogenic hormone for pregnancy
Making a larger quantities of glucose in fetus
78
Maternal adaptations to pregnancy
Increased basla metabolic rate 15% Increased COP Increased ventilation Increased RBF and GFR
79
Progesterone increased respiratory centers sensitivity to CO2
Increased minute ventilation
80
Physiologic weight gain 1st, 2nd & 3rd trimester
2, 11, 11 lbs
81
Highest peak of cardiac load
28 week
82
Increased flow to heart from uterine squeezing, increased HR due to labor pains
During labor
83
Due to increased venous return
Immediately after labor
84
Mobilization of interstitium
During 1st week of puerperium
85
More fluid in the body
Dilutional anemia
86
State of vasodilation | Smooth muscle relaxation
Pregnancy
87
Maternal adaptations to pregnancy Increased lahat maliban s
``` Total peripheral resistance Total pulmonary resistance Serum creatine Hematocrit Platelet count IOP Sodium and potassium ```
88
Maternal adaptations to pregnancy | No change
Systolic blood pressure | Lung compliance
89
Nirth of the baby
Parturition
90
Intense contractions responsible for parturition due to
Progressive hormonal changes | Progressive mechanical changes
91
From implantation to few weeks before delivery
Prelude to paturition Quiescence Phase 0
92
Last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
Preparation for labor Activation Phase 1
93
Active labor, stage 1-3
Process of labor Stimulation Phase 2
94
Puerpeium | Maternal recovery from birth
Parturient recovery Involution Phase 3
95
Hormone in phase 0
Progesterone Prostacyclin Relaxin Nitric oxide
96
Phase 1
Estrogen | Progesterone withdrawal
97
Phase 2
Oxytocin Prostagalndin Serotonin Histamine
98
Phase 3
Oxytocin
99
Strethching of uterine cervix lead to
Paraventricular and supraoptic secretion of oxytocin
100
Labor is prolonged in
Hypophysectomized animals
101
Prostaglandin E
Cytotec | Ripening the cervix

Physiology module 9 (1 decks)

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