Physiology_Practice Quiz Questions 1

Question 1

The resting membrane potential in most nerve cells is:

Answer 1

-70 mV

Question 2

Total body water normally comprises:

Answer 2

60% BW

Question 3

The extracellular fluid volume of an 80 kg ram is approximately:

Answer 3

16,000 mL

Question 4

A solution with an osmolarity value lower than normal plasma would be described as:

Answer 4

Hypotonic

Question 5

The most tightly regulated ion in the body is:

Answer 5

H+

Question 6

Oncotic pressure specifically refers to osmotic pressure in a blood vessel exerted mostly by:

Answer 6

Proteins such as albumin

Question 7

During an action potential, the:

Answer 7

Charge inside a cell membrane quickly moves towards positive

Question 8

This pump is responsible for returning Na+ to pre-action potential concentrations:

Answer 8

Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 9

Nerves have the ability to transmit extremely quickly if they are:

Answer 9

Large, heavily myelinated, with high membrane resistance

Question 10

A stimulus will always cause an action potential to occur. True or false?

Answer 10

Flase

Question 11

The average blood volume in most species is:

Answer 11

70 mL/Kg

Question 12

The electrical potential difference across a membrane that prevents further diffusion of an ion across the membrane is called:

Answer 12

Equilibrium potential

Question 13

To determine the number of equivalents in a solution, you must multiply the number of moles/L (or mmol/L) by the particle’s charge (could be 1, 2, 3, etc.). Therefore, if you have 3 mmol/L Ca2+, how many mEq/L do you have?

Answer 13

6 mEq/L

Question 14

Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials typically use what type of synaptic arrangement?

Answer 14

Many to one

Question 15

Neuromodulators are not synthesized within cell bodies. True or false?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Which type of pressure is usually the dominant pressure that causes fluid containing small solutes to leave blood vessels and enter tissues?

Answer 16

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 17

Solution A has an osmolarity of 310 mOsm/L and Solution B has an osmolarity of 325 mOsm/L. In terms of tonicity, how would these solutions be described relative to a normal cell? Which solution has the greatest osmotic pressure?

Answer 17

Both soultions are hypertonic relative to a normal cell, which has an osmolarity of 290-300 mOsm/L. Solution B has the greatest osmotic pressure because it has the higher osmolarity and this, the highest number of osmoles

Question 18

During a muscle contraction, events occur in the following order:

Answer 18

Depolarization of the sarcolemma membrane, depolarization of the T-tubules
(transverse tubules), Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds
troponin C, tropomyosin moves and allows binding of actin and myosin

Question 19

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle must all be electrically activated. True or false?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal protein sets the length of thin filaments?

Answer 20

Nebulin

Question 21

Which type of summation can result in muscle tetany?

Answer 21

Temporal summation

Question 22

Reaccumulation of calcium into the SR via the SERCA pump is enough for the heart to relax. True or false?

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What protein does calcium bind in smooth muscle?

Answer 23

Calmodulin

Question 24

The latch state allows muscle to maintain tone by remaining in a contracted state without using much ATP. True or false?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Which type of synapse uses a single action potential in a motoneuron to cause a single action potential in a muscle fiber?

Answer 25

one to one synpase

Question 26

Which neurotransmitter binds an ionotropic receptor that is a chloride channel in the CNS?

Answer 26

glycine

Question 27

Which neurotransmitter uses metabotropic receptors to modulate cell excitability and synaptic transmission via second messenger pathways?

Answer 27

Glutamate

Question 28

Which part of a neuron receives information from another neuron?

Answer 28

Dendrite

Question 29

Which type of axon carries action potentials towards the CNS from the skin and retina?

Answer 29

Somatic afferent

Question 30

The forebrain is capable of sending motor commands directly to the spinal cord instead of going through the brainstem. True or false?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Which CNS area has cranial nerve nuclei to control eye movement and induce pupillary constriction?

Answer 31

Midbrain

Question 32

Which area of the telencephalon formulates and executes sequences of voluntary movement?

Answer 32

cerebral cortex

Question 33

Which layer of the meninges has a thick layer of fibroblast cells and fuses with the inner surface of bone?

Answer 33

Dura mater

Question 34

Which area detects the pH of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 34

Medulla

Question 35

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 35

Acetylcholine

Question 36

Which areas are innervated by axons from the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain?

Answer 36

Heart, bronchial tree, salivary glands

Question 37

Which adrenergic receptor causes contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels when stimulated?

Answer 37

Alpha 1

Question 38

Ganglia of the PSNS are located near, on, or in the effector organs, meaning that postganglionic axons extending to the effector organs are short. True or false?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

What type of receptors are found on the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in the PSNS?

Answer 39

Nicotinic receptors

Question 40

Which adrenergic receptor is stimulated during the fight or flight response and is responsible for increasing glucose production, lipolysis, and cardiac functions?

Answer 40

Beta 1

Question 41

Which second messenger system is used by Beta 1 receptors?

Answer 41

Adenylyl cyclase system

Question 42

Which second messenger system is used by muscarinic receptors M1, M3, and M5?

Answer 42

Phospholipase C system

Question 43

Which type of cell in the epidermis provides immune-mediated resistance to ticks for some breeds of cattle?

Answer 43

Langerhans cells

Question 44

Which skin layer connects skin to muscle and bone, and also can have a thick layer of fat for insulation?

Answer 44

Hypodermis

Question 45

Which type of sunlight ray is responsible for sunburn?

Answer 45

UVB

Question 46

Which type of sweat gland secretes a water fluid that is hypotonic to plasma?

Answer 46

Eccrine / merocrine gland

Question 47

Which leukocyte constantly circulates between blood, tissue, and lymph?

Answer 47

Lymphocyte

Question 48

Which leukocyte utilizes lactoferrin to deprive phagocytized bacteria of iron?

Answer 48

Neutrophil

Question 49

Once B cells are activated, they transform into plasma cells and memory B cells. True or false?

Answer 49

true

Question 50

Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys when more oxygen is needed by tissues. It circulates in blood for less than one day. True or false?

Answer 50

true

Question 51

What substance is initially released by damaged endothelial cells as platelets start to adhere to the injured site?

Answer 51

Fibronectin

Question 52

As damaged tissue heals and a clot is removed, what substance degrades fibrin?

Answer 52

Plasmin

Question 53

In what tissue are albumin, fibrinogen, and most of the globulins synthesized?

Answer 53

Liver