Phytochemistry Flashcards
Photochemistry
Different types of organic substances concerned with
Chemical structure
Metabolism
Biochemical function
Biosynthesis
Natural distribution
Biosynthesis structure
Constituents and categories
Chemical substances found in plant and animal kingdom
Divided into active constituents- chemical entries are solely responsible for existing pharmacological, microbial and therapeutic activities ie steroids
Inert- do not possess definite therapeutic values but useful as adjunct in formulating of drug or in surgery ie lignans
Drug biosynthesis
Exclusive study of biochemical pathways that lead to formulation of active constituents
Classification (7)
Comprise of C and H only
Comprise of C, H and O only
Comprising of N, S, and P
Comprising of ‘O’ in heterocyclic rings
Mostly contains nitrogen
Mixtures
Comprising of diversified chemical entity
Comprising of C and H only
Beta-myrcene found in oil of hop and others
Ocimene
Comprise of C, H and O only
- Alcohols - geranoil (olephenic terpene alcohol constituting major portion of oil of rose and oil of palmarosea.
- Aldehydes- vanillin occurs in vanilla of clove oil .
Cyclic terpene aldehyde - Ketones : carvone
- Phenols: thymol
Others comprising of C,H and O
Quinones -anthraquinone glycosides
Acids-caffeic acid
Esters-pyrenthrins
Lactones- podophyllotoxin
Terpenoids-gibberelins
Carotenoids-xanthophyll
Steroids- digitoxin
Comprise of ‘O’ in heterocyclic rings
Furan based constituents- furfural present in oil of clove oil
Pyran based constituents- dicoumarol isolated from sweet clover
Flavan based constituents- leucocyanidin
Carbohydrate- glucose
Comprise of N, S and P
Comprising of N- amygdalin( cyanide glycoside)
Comprise of N and S- sinigrin
Comprise of P- beta- glycerophosphoric acid
Mostly nitrogen
Capsaicin
Diversified chemical entity
Ascorbic acid
Thiamine HCL
Mixtures
Tannins
Volatile oils
Resins - rosin
Latex - opium latex
