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phytography Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an internode?

A

The region of the stem between the nodes in plants.

Reference 1

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2
Q

Define a node in botany.

A

Region of the plant stem where one or more leaves attach and is the location of lateral buds.

Reference 1

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3
Q

What is a bulb?

A

Modified bud that is usually underground, can be surrounded by scaly modified leaves.

Reference 5

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4
Q

What is a corm?

A

A short, underground, swollen stem that functions for storage.

Reference 2

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5
Q

What is a rhizome?

A

A rootlike appearance, a modified stem.

Reference 5

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6
Q

What is a runner in botany?

A

An elongated lateral shoot that roots intermittently, eventually producing a new individual at its tip.

Reference 1

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7
Q

What is a stolon?

A

A horizontal stem that extends along the soil surface and roots at its nodes.

Reference 6

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8
Q

What is a tuber?

A

A short, thickened branch of an underground stem that has buds or ‘eyes’.

Reference 5

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9
Q

What does it mean if a plant is climbing?

A

Growing upwards and attaches itself to other structures for support.

Reference 3

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10
Q

What is the definition of erect growth?

A

Upright or in perpendicular direction.

Reference 5

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11
Q

What does decumbent refer to in plant growth?

A

Lying on the ground, but with the distal parts upward.

Reference 3

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12
Q

Define the term procumbent.

A

The leaning over or reclining of the stem, lying on the ground but not rooting at the nodes.

Reference 3

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13
Q

What does the term prostrate refer to?

A

Lying flat on the ground.

Reference 5

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14
Q

What is the definition of repent in botanical terms?

A

Creeping or lying flat and rooting at the nodes.

Reference 5

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15
Q

What does scandent mean?

A

Climbing without twining and tendrils.

Reference 3

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16
Q

What is twining growth?

A

The coiling of stem around an object or another plant.

Reference 3

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17
Q

Define acaulecent.

A

Absence of the stem.

Reference 3

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18
Q

What does arborescent mean?

A

Having tree-like characteristics.

Reference 4

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19
Q

What is a caulescent plant?

A

Exhibiting a visible leafy stem that extends above the ground.

Reference 4

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20
Q

Define caespitose.

A

Growing in dense clusters, the bases of these individual plants touch each other.

Reference 5

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21
Q

What does dichotomous branching refer to?

A

Branching into two.

Reference 3

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22
Q

What is the meaning of fastigiate?

A

Displaying a broom-like appearance, it stands upright, clustered, and arranged in parallel.

Reference 4

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23
Q

What does geniculate describe in plant morphology?

A

Bending like a knee.

Reference 3

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24
Q

What is a scapose plant?

A

Having a scape, with the inflorescence rising from the center of the stalk.

Reference 3

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25
Define strict in botanical terms.
Stiffly upright, rigid, erect. ## Footnote Reference 5
26
What does virgate mean?
Long, stiff and slender, branched, twig-like. ## Footnote Reference 3
27
What does farinose refer to?
Covered with a meal-like powder. ## Footnote Reference 3
28
What is glabrous?
Without hairs or trichomes on the surface. ## Footnote Reference 3
29
What does glaucous mean?
Covered with a bluish-whitish waxy coating (bloom) that can be easily rubbed off. ## Footnote Reference 4
30
Define scabrous.
Surface is rough to touch, and with small, pointed protrusions. ## Footnote Reference 3
31
What does viscid mean?
Sticky. ## Footnote Reference 3
32
What is a barbed vestiture?
With short, rigid, sharp bristles pointing backwards. ## Footnote Reference 3
33
What does ciliate refer to in terms of plant surface?
Presence of hairs along the margin. ## Footnote Reference 3
34
What is floccose?
Covered with woolly tufts of hairs that can be easily rubbed off. ## Footnote Reference 3
35
Define glabrate.
Becoming glabrous or smooth with age. ## Footnote Reference 3
36
What is glandular vestiture?
Covered with glands, or of the nature of glands. ## Footnote Reference 3
37
What does hirsute mean?
Has coarse or bristly hairs. ## Footnote Reference 5
38
What is hispid?
Has long, sharp, bristly hairs, sharper than hirsute. ## Footnote Reference 3
39
Define hispidilous.
Somewhat or minutely hispid. ## Footnote Reference 3
40
What does lepidote mean?
Covered on the surface with small scales. ## Footnote Reference 3
41
What is pilose?
Covered with hairs which are soft, weak, thin, and separated. ## Footnote Reference 2
42
What does plumose refer to?
Having feather-like hairs. ## Footnote Reference 2
43
Define a prickle.
A hard, sharp outgrowth of the epidermis or bark without vascular tissue. ## Footnote Reference 2
44
What is puberulent?
Minutely hairy, slightly dense covering of very short soft hairs. ## Footnote Reference 2
45
What does pubescent mean?
Covered with short, soft hairs. ## Footnote Reference 6
46
What is setose?
Covered with bristles. ## Footnote Reference 3
47
Define silky or sericeous.
Densely covered with fine, soft, straight, appressed hairs, with a lustrous sheen and satin-like to the touch. ## Footnote Reference 2
48
What is a spine in plant morphology?
A strong, stiff, sharp-pointed, woody process, formed by modification of an organ with vascular tissue such as a branch, petiole, or stipule. ## Footnote Reference 2
49
What does spinescent mean?
Ending in a spine or sharp point; more or less spiny. ## Footnote Reference 5
50
What does stellate describe?
Star-shaped, with arms radiating outwards. ## Footnote Reference 3
51
What is strigose?
Covered with sharp, stiff hairs that are lying close to or parallel to the surface. ## Footnote Reference 3
52
What does tomentose mean?
Densely covered with somewhat matted, short trichomes. ## Footnote Reference 2
53
Define uncinate.
Hooked at the tip. ## Footnote Reference 3
54
What is villous?
Covered in long, soft, delicate hairs, the covering is somewhat dense. ## Footnote Reference 2
55
What does wooly mean in botany?
Resembles sheep's wool, being densely covered with long, soft, and often matted or intertwined trichomes. ## Footnote Reference 2
56
Define annual in plant biology.
A plant that completes its life cycle in a single year or growing season. ## Footnote Reference 6
57
What is a biennial plant?
Completes its life cycle in two years; first year produces leaves and stores food, second year bears fruits and seeds. ## Footnote Reference 6
58
What does herbaceous mean?
Soft and pliant texture, resembling herbs. ## Footnote Reference 3
59
What is an herbaceous perennial?
Plants where only the above-ground portion dies over winter; the underground portion lives for more than two growing seasons. ## Footnote Reference 1
60
Define perennial.
Plant that lives for more than two growing seasons; may be woody or herbaceous. ## Footnote Reference 1
61
What does suffrutescent mean?
Like a subshrub, somewhat shrubby. ## Footnote Reference 3
62
What is a lateral bud?
The buds below the terminal buds where side branches arise. ## Footnote Reference 6
63
What is a pseudoterminal bud?
The thickened or bulb-formed stems of certain orchids, the part being solid and borne above ground. ## Footnote Reference 5
64
Define imbricate buds.
Overlapping like tiles on a roof; in aestivation, with the parts of a flower overlapping like tiles. ## Footnote Reference 3
65
What is an infrapetiolar bud?
Born on the stem below the petiole. ## Footnote Reference 3
66
What does naked mean in the context of buds?
(in stems) without leaves; (of rhizome) without scales; (of flower) without calyx or corolla. ## Footnote Reference 3
67
What does sessile mean in botany?
Directly attached without the support of the stalk, a leaf without petiole. ## Footnote Reference 4
68
What does stalked refer to in plant morphology?
A supporting structure of an organ. ## Footnote Reference 4
69
What does superposed mean?
Placed vertically over some other part. ## Footnote Reference 5
70
Define valvate.
Edges coming together without overlapping. ## Footnote Reference 6
71
What is a blade in plant anatomy?
Broad portion of a leaf and does not include the petiole. ## Footnote Reference 1,3
72
What does compound mean in relation to leaves?
Composed of several similar parts, opposite of simple. ## Footnote Reference 3
73
What is a decompound leaf?
More than once compound. ## Footnote Reference 3
74
What is a leaflet?
Small leaf-like structure that is found on compound leaves. ## Footnote Reference 1
75
Define palmate in leaf structure.
When all lobes or leaflets originate from one central point. ## Footnote Reference 3
76
What is a petiole?
Stalk by which most leaves are attached to a stem; part of the leaf structure, not the stem. ## Footnote Reference 1
77
What is a petiolule?
A small petiole; the petiole of a leaflet. ## Footnote Reference 5
78
What does pinna refer to in leaf morphology?
The primary unit of a pinnately compound leaf. ## Footnote Reference 5
79
What does pinnate mean?
Compound leaf with leaflets on either side of the central axis. ## Footnote Reference 6
80
Define pinnule.
A bipinnate leaf, a second-order pinna, the first-order segment of a pinna. ## Footnote Reference 3
81
What is a rachis?
An axis bearing leaflets. ## Footnote Reference 5
82
What does simple mean regarding leaves?
Leaf with an uninterrupted blade margin. ## Footnote Reference 1
83
What is a stipel?
A stipule-like outgrowth occurring at the base of a leaflet or a pair of leaflets in some compound leaves. ## Footnote Reference 3
84
Define stipule.
Usually, a pair of appendages located at the base of a leaf, may be fused into a ring around the stem; serves for protection or to attract pollinators. ## Footnote Reference 1
85
What does trifoliate mean?
Has three leaves. ## Footnote Reference 3
86
What is trifoliolate?
Has three leaflets in each leaf. ## Footnote Reference 3
87
What is dichotomous venation?
Has forking, dividing into two equal branches. ## Footnote Reference 3
88
Define palmate venation.
The leaf features multiple veins radiating from the point where the petiole connects to the blade. ## Footnote Reference 1
89
What does parallel venation mean?
Distribution or arrangement of a system of veins in a leaf blade in a non-intersecting network. ## Footnote Reference 1
90
What is pinnate venation?
Type of webbed venation where there is a strong midrib and the secondary veins fan out opposite of each other. ## Footnote Reference 1
91
What does acicular describe?
Needle shaped. ## Footnote Reference 5
92
What does deltoid mean in leaf shape?
Shaped like an equal-sided triangle. ## Footnote Reference 3
93
What is filiform?
Threadlike, long and very slender. ## Footnote Reference 5
94
Define lanceolate.
Narrowly ovate and tapering to a point at the apex. ## Footnote Reference 3
95
What does linear mean in botany?
Narrow and much longer than wide, with parallel margins. ## Footnote Reference 3
96
What is oblanceolate?
Narrowly obovate and tapering to a point at the apex. ## Footnote Reference 3
97
What does oblong mean?
Longer than broad, with the margins parallel for most of their length. ## Footnote Reference 3
98
What is obovate?
Egg-shaped. ## Footnote Reference 3,5
99
What does orbicular mean in leaf shape?
Flat with a circular outline. ## Footnote Reference 5
100
Define oval in botanical terms.
Broadly elliptical with the width greater than half the length. ## Footnote Reference 5
101
What does ovate mean?
Egg-shaped. ## Footnote Reference 3
102
What is reniform?
Kidney-shaped. ## Footnote Reference 5
103
What does rhomboidal describe?
Approaching a rhombic outline, quadrangular, with the lateral angles obtuse. ## Footnote Reference 5
104
What does spatulate mean?
Spatula-shaped. ## Footnote Reference 5
105
What does acuminate refer to?
Tapering to a sharp point and forming a concave side along the tip. ## Footnote Reference 4
106
What does acute mean in botanical terms?
Tapering to a pointed apex with more or less straight sides. ## Footnote Reference 4
107
What does aristate mean?
Bearing an awn or bristle at the tip. ## Footnote Reference 4
108
What is caudate?
With a tail-like appendage. ## Footnote Reference 5
109
Define cuspidate.
Tipped with a short, sharp, abrupt, point. ## Footnote Reference 4
110
What does emarginate mean?
With a notch at the apex. ## Footnote Reference 4
111
What is mucronate?
Has an ending abruptly in a short stiff point. ## Footnote Reference 3
112
What does obcordate mean?
Heart-shaped, with the narrow end close to the base and the wider, notched end near the apex. ## Footnote Reference 3
113
What does obtuse mean in leaf morphology?
With a deeply notched apex or tip. ## Footnote Reference 4
114
What does retuse mean?
With a shallow notch in a blunt apex. ## Footnote Reference 4
115
What does truncate mean?
With the apex squared at the end as if it’s been cut off. ## Footnote Reference 4
116
What does acute mean at the base of a leaf?
Distinctly and sharply pointed, but not drawn out. ## Footnote Reference 5
117
What does attenuate mean in leaf morphology?
Long tapering, acuminate. ## Footnote Reference 5
118
What does auriculate mean?
With ear-shaped appendages. ## Footnote Reference 4
119
What is cordate?
Heart-shaped with notch at the base. ## Footnote Reference 4
120
What does connate mean?
United, used when structures or organs of the same kind are joined margin to margin. ## Footnote Reference 3
121
What does cuneate mean?
Wedge-shaped, triangular, and tapering to a point at a base. ## Footnote Reference 4
122
What does decurrent mean?
Leaf base is extending downwards. ## Footnote Reference 3
123
What does hastate mean?
Arrowhead-shaped, but with basal lobes turned outward. ## Footnote Reference 4
124
What does oblique mean in leaf anatomy?
Unequal sides, it is slanting. ## Footnote Reference 4
125
What does obtuse mean at the base of a leaf?
Leaf base is not pointed, blunt, ending in an angle of between 90–180°. ## Footnote Reference 3
126
What is peltate?
Any leaf attached to the petiole not by the margin, attached at the center. ## Footnote Reference 3
127
What does perfoliate mean?
A leaf with margins surrounding the stem, it appears as if the stem passes through the leaf. ## Footnote Reference 4
128
What does sagittate mean?
Arrowhead-shaped, but with basal lobes turned downward. ## Footnote Reference 4
129
What does truncate mean in leaf base morphology?
The base is squared at the end as if it is cut off. ## Footnote Reference 4
130
What does bifid mean in leaf margin?
Divided at the tip in two that is usually equal in parts by a median cleft or tip. ## Footnote Reference 3,4
131
What does ciliate mean regarding leaf margins?
Leaf margin bearing a fringe of hairs. ## Footnote Reference 3
132
What does crenate mean?
Margin has rounded teeth. ## Footnote Reference 4
133
What does dentate mean?
Margin is toothed directed outwards. ## Footnote Reference 4
134
What does denticulate mean?
Finely toothed leaf margin. ## Footnote Reference 3
135
What does dissected mean in terms of leaf margin?
Deeply divided into many narrow segments. ## Footnote Reference 4
136
What does divided mean in leaf morphology?
Cut or lobed to the base or midrib. ## Footnote Reference 4
137
What does doubly serrate mean?
With small serrations on larger ones. ## Footnote Reference 5
138
What does entire mean in leaf margin?
Leaf margin not toothed, notched, or divided. ## Footnote Reference 4
139
What does fimbriate mean?
Leaf margin is fringed, where the hairs are longer or coarser compared with ciliate. ## Footnote Reference 5
140
What does incised mean?
Cut sharply, deeply, and irregularly. ## Footnote Reference 4
141
What does involute mean in terms of leaf margin?
Leaf margin is rolled inwards and upwards towards their upper/adaxial surface. ## Footnote Reference 3
142
What does lacerate mean?
As if torn, cut irregularly. ## Footnote Reference 4
143
What does lobed mean in leaf margin?
A rounded leaf margin that is split into two or more subdivisions. ## Footnote Reference 3
144
What does palmatifid mean?
Cut to a palmate form, the divisions reaching about the middle. ## Footnote Reference 3
145
What does pinnatifid mean?
Pinnately cleft or lobed, half the distance or more to the midrib but not reaching it. ## Footnote Reference 4
146
What does pinnatisect mean?
Pinnately cleft to the midrib. ## Footnote Reference 4
147
What does revolute mean in leaf margin?
The leaf margins are rolled backward toward the underside. ## Footnote Reference 4
148
What does serrate mean?
Margin is toothed regularly, pointing towards the apex. ## Footnote Reference 3
149
What does serrulate mean?
Toothed along the margin, has minute sharp, forward-pointing teeth, finely serrate. ## Footnote Reference 4,3
150
What does sinuate mean in leaf margin?
Leaf margin is strongly wavy. ## Footnote Reference 4
151
What does undulate mean?
Wavy but not as deep as sinuate. ## Footnote Reference 4
152
What does rugose (bullate) mean?
Wrinkled and covered in reticulate lines, with the spaces in between convex. ## Footnote Reference 3
153
What does chartaceous mean?
It is thin and stiff, like paper. ## Footnote Reference 3
154
What does coriaceous mean?
It is leathery and tough. ## Footnote Reference 3
155
What does hyaline mean?
Leaves are thin, and translucent or transparent. ## Footnote Reference 5
156
What does membranous mean?
Leaves are thin, more or less flexible, and translucent; like a thin membrane. ## Footnote Reference 5
157
What does scarious mean?
Leaves are thin, dry, and membranous, and not green. ## Footnote Reference 5
158
What does succulent mean?
Leaves are thick, fleshy and swollen. ## Footnote Reference 3
159
What does alternate mean in leaf arrangement?
Leaves are attached on alternate sides as they go up the stem. ## Footnote Reference 1
160
What does elliptic mean in leaf shape?
In a shape of an ellipse (oval), broadest at the middle and narrower at the two equal ends. ## Footnote Reference 4
161
What does cauline mean?
Arising from, or inserted on, the stem. ## Footnote Reference 3
162
What does decussate mean in leaf arrangement?
Leaves arranged in pairs at right angles to the pair above or below. ## Footnote Reference 5
163
What is the definition of Scarious leaves?
Leaves are thin, dry, and membranous, and not green.
164
Define Succulent leaves.
Leaves are thick, fleshy and swollen.
165
What does Alternate arrangement of leaves mean?
Leaves are attached on alternate sides as they go up the stem.
166
What shape are Elliptic leaves?
In a shape of an ellipse (oval), broadest at the middle and narrower at the two equal ends.
167
What does Cauline refer to in botany?
Arising from, or inserted on, the stem.
168
What is Decussate arrangement?
Opposite arrangement of organs (e.g. leaves), when consecutive pairs are at right angles to each other.
169
Define Fascicled arrangement.
A close cluster or bundle of flowers, leaves, stems, or roots.
170
What does Imbricate mean?
Overlapping as shingles on a roof; in aestivation, said of a calyx or corolla.
171
What is the definition of Opposite arrangement of leaves?
Buds or leaves growing in pairs but separated by a stem.
172
What does Rosulate mean?
Leaves in a circle at the base of the stem.
173
What does Ternate arrangement refer to?
Arranged in a whorl or cluster of three.
174
What does Whorled or verticillate mean?
Leaves are arranged in a circle around the stem.
175
What is Caducous?
Falling off early, or prematurely, as the sepals in some plants.
176
Define Deciduous plants.
A plant whose parts, particularly leaves, are shed at regular intervals or a given stage of development.
177
What does Persistent mean in botany?
Hanging on through winter or a long period of time.
178
What is an Epiphyte?
Plants that grow and attach to another plant without taking nourishment and harming it.
179
Define Hydrophyte.
A water plant that is usually floating.
180
What does Mesophyte refer to?
Plants that can survive in neither very wet nor very dry conditions.
181
What is a Parasite?
A minute organism harming the host.
182
Define Saprophyte.
Plants that obtain some or all its nutrition from the substrate through mycorrhizal fungi.
183
What does Xerophyte mean?
Plants that are adapted to growing and reproducing in areas with low water availability or desert.
184
What is a Catkin or Ament?
The spike inflorescence hangs down under its own weight and its flowers are usually of one sex.
185
What is a Corymb in botany?
Inflorescences in which all the flowers are displayed more or less at one horizontal level.
186
Define Cyme.
A sympodial inflorescence in which the central flower opens first.
187
What is a Dichasium?
A cyme that has two lateral axes.
188
What is a Head or Capitulum?
A small head of flowers.
189
Define Helicoid cyme.
Inflorescence growing in a spiral, branching always in the same direction.
190
What is a Panicle?
Loose, irregular compound flower clusters.
191
What is a Raceme?
Features a single central monopodial axis with lateral flowers.
192
What is a Scorpioid Cyme?
A spiral cymose inflorescence resembling a ringlet.
193
Define Spadix.
An inflorescence spike typified by a fleshy axis.
194
What is a Spike in botanical terms?
An unbranched inflorescence with sessile or subsessile flowers.
195
What is a Thyrse?
Sympodial sequences arranged along a single monopodial axis.
196
Define Umbel.
Inflorescence with multiple flowers originating from a common point.
197
What does Verticillate mean?
A whorl or arrangement of more than two similar parts in a circle.
198
What is a Bract?
A reduced leaf-like structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence.
199
Define Bracteole.
A small bract that subtends a flower.
200
What is a Flower?
The reproductive organ of a plant that consists of stamen, pistil, or usually both.
201
What is an Involucre?
A leaf-like structure that may be found proximal to the calyx.
202
What is a Pedicel?
A stalk of a single flower in an inflorescence.
203
Define Peduncle.
A stalk of a solitary flower of an inflorescence.
204
What is a Scape?
A leafless flowering stalk that arises from the ground.
205
What does Spathe refer to?
A large sheathing bract surrounding the inflorescence or spadix.
206
What is a Prickle?
A small and weak spine-like body borne on the bark or epidermis.
207
What does Actinomorphic mean?
Has two or more cuts can be made to give similar sides.
208
Define Zygomorphic.
Symmetrical flowers may have only one plane in which they may be cut to give matching sides.
209
What is a Bisexual (perfect) flower?
A flower that has both the androecium and gynoecium.
210
What does Complete mean in reference to flowers?
Where all four whorls are present: calyx, corolla, androecium, & gynoecium.
211
Define Dioecious.
When an entire plant has only male or only female flowers.
212
What is an Incomplete flower?
A flower missing one or more of the four whorls.
213
What does Monoecious mean?
A plant that has both male and female flowers.
214
What is a Neutral flower?
Without stamens or pistils, sexless.
215
Define Pistillate.
Having pistils and no stamens; female.
216
What is a Polygamous flower?
Having all male, female, and bisexual flowers.
217
Define Staminate.
Inflorescences or flowers that bear stamens.
218
What does Unisexual (Imperfect) mean?
Flowers that only have either male stamens or female carpels.
219
What is the Androecium?
The portion of the flower that bears the stamens.
220
What is an Anther?
Pollen-bearing portion of the stamen.
221
What does Calyx refer to?
The outermost whorls of floral organs, often divided into sepals.
222
What is a Carpel?
The female reproductive organs of a flower.
223
Define Claw in botany.
The narrowed base or stalk of some petals.
224
What is a Disc in botany?
The central portion of a capitate inflorescence.
225
What is a Filament?
A stalk that supports an anther.
226
Define Gynoecium.
The female element of a flower, the pistil.
227
What is a Limb in botany?
The upper, usually expanded, flat part of the petal.
228
What does Nectary refer to?
The organ from which nectar is secreted.
229
What is Perianth?
Pertaining to the sepals and petals.
230
Define Petal.
Modified leaves that make up the corolla.
231
What is a Pistil?
The female organ of a flower, consisting of ovary, style, and stigma.
232
What is a Receptacle?
The expanded portion of the axis which bears the floral organs.
233
What is a Sepal?
A segment of the calyx.
234
What does Stamen refer to?
The male reproductive organ of a flower.
235
What is a Staminode?
A sterile or abortive stamen.
236
What is a Stigma?
The part of the pistil receptive to pollen.
237
What does Style refer to?
Part of the carpel that elevates the stigma.
238
What is a Tepal?
When the sepals and petals are indistinguishable.
239
What is a Throat in botanical terms?
The opening into a gamopetalous corolla.
240
What does Tube refer to?
The connate parts of either the calyx or the corolla.
241
Define Gamosepalous.
Sepals united into one piece.
242
What is a Pappus?
A modification of the calyx in the Asteraceae.
243
What does Polysepalous mean?
With many sepals, opposite of gamosepalous.
244
What does Apetalous mean?
Absence of petals.
245
What is Bilabiate?
Two-lipped, with distinct upper and lower parts.
246
What does Campanulate refer to?
Bell-shaped, wide tube with a flaring limb.
247
Define Ceasalpinaceus.
Flowers with 5 or 3 distinct petals.
248
What is a Cruciform flower?
Cross-shaped.
249
What does Funnelform mean?
Funnel-like shape.
250
What is Gamopetalous (Sympetalous)?
With partially or wholly fused petals.
251
What does Ligulate mean?
Bearing a ligule, strap-shaped body.
252
What is Papilionaceous?
Describing the flower of many legumes resembling a butterfly.
253
What does Personate refer to?
A bilabiate corolla with a prominent palate.
254
What does Polypetalous mean?
Flowers with petals free from each other.
255
What is Rotate in botanical terms?
Wheel-shaped, usually of a corolla with short tube.
256
Define Salverform.
Having a slender tube abruptly expanded into a fat limb.
257
What is Tubular?
Tube-like structure or cylindrical and hollow.
258
What does Urceolate mean?
Urn-shaped, with a swollen tube.
259
What does Basifixed mean?
Of anthers, attached to the filament by the base.
260
What is Diadelphous?
Describing stamens as two distinct sets.
261
Define Diandrous.
Possessing two stamens.
262
What does Didynamous mean?
Said of four stamen flowers with stamens in pairs.
263
What does Dorsifixed refer to?
Of anthers, when the connective is attached between the base and apex.
264
What is Epipetalous?
Referring to stamens that are united with the petals.
265
What does Monandrous mean?
With only one stamen.
266
What is Syngenesious?
With anthers fused but filaments free.
267
What does Tetradynamous mean?
With four long stamens and two short ones.
268
What is Versatile in botany?
Of anthers, is like it is hinged on the filament.
269
What does Inferior refer to in terms of ovary?
Ovary is attached beneath the point of attachment of the other floral whorls.
270
What does Superior mean in relation to ovary?
The ovary is attached to the point of attachment of the other floral whorls.
271
What is an Ovule?
The immature seed in the ovary before fertilization.
272
Define Placentation.
Disposition of the placenta within the ovary.
273
What is the definition of Axil?
The upper angle formed between the axis and any organ that arises from it.
274
What does Basal mean?
At or near the base; also, proximal.
275
What does Free mean in botanical terms?
Ovules attached to a free-standing column in the center of a unilocular ovary.
276
What is Marginal placentation?
Ovules attached to the juxtaposed margins of a simple pistil.
277
What does Parietal refer to?
Placentation in which the ovules are attached to the inner surface of the outer wall.
278
What is a Simple fleshy fruit?
A fruit that is swollen largely because of a high-water content.
279
Define Berry.
A fleshy fruit developed from a single pistil with several seeds.
280
What is a Drupe?
A fleshy indehiscent fruit with a stony endocarp surrounding a single seed.
281
What does Hesperidium refer to?
A fleshy berry-like fruit with a tough rind.
282
What is a Pepo?
A fleshy, indehiscent fruit that has many seeds.
283
Define Pome (Accessory).
Fleshy fruit with a core, derived from the inferior ovary.
284
What is a Capsule?
A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel.
285
What does Follicle mean?
A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel.
286
What is a Legume?
A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel.
287
What is a Pepo?
A fruit that is fleshy, indehiscent that has many seeds.
288
Define Pome (Accessory).
Fleshy fruit with a core, or indehiscent fruit derived from the inferior ovary. (Apple)
289
Define Follicle.
A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and opening along a single side.
290
What is a Legume?
A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel and has an opening along the two lines of dehiscence. (Pea pod)
291
What is a Loment?
A legume which is constricted between the seeds.
292
Define Pod.
A dry, dehiscent fruit in a legume or follicle.
293
What is a Pyxis?
A circumscissile capsule, the top coming off as a lid.
294
Define Silicle.
A dry, dehiscent fruit, that is less than twice as long as wide. Has two valves separating from the persistent placentae and septum.
295
What is a Silique?
A dry, dehiscent fruit that has more than twice as long and wide. Has two valves separating from the persistent placentae and septum.
296
What is an Achene?
A small, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single locule and seed. The seed is attached to the ovary wall at a single point. (Sunflower)
297
Define Caryopsis.
The grain or fruit of most grasses, with the seed coat grown fast to the pericarp.
298
What is a Nut?
A hard, dry, indehiscent fruit usually a single seed.
299
Define Nutlet.
A small nut, one of the lobes or sections of the mature ovary in some families.
300
What is a Samara?
A dry, indehiscent, winged fruit.
301
Define Schizocarp.
A dry, indehiscent fruit which splits into separate one seeded segment at maturity.
302
What is an Utricle?
A small, thin-walled, one-seeded, more or less bladdery-inflated fruit.
303
Define Aggregate.
A cluster of ripened ovaries traceable to separate pistils of the same flower and inserted on a common receptacle.
304
What is a Multiple?
A cluster of ripened ovaries traceable to the pistils of separate flowers, as the mulberry and the pineapple.
305
What does Circumsessile refer to?
Opening or dehiscing by a horizontal line around the fruit or anther.
306
Define Loculicidal.
With dehiscence on the back, between the partitions into the cavity.
307
What is Porocidal?
Opening by pores.
308
Define Septicidal.
With dehiscence along lines of union of the carpels.
309
What does Abaxial mean?
A surface that faces away from the axis of the structure to which it is attached.
310
Define Adaxial.
With side or face next to the axis.
311
What is Adhesion (Adnate)?
The union or fusion of unlike parts.
312
What does Anthesis refer to?
The time of fertilization of the flower; time of receptivity of stigma or distribution of pollen.
313
Define Bearded.
Bearing a localized tuft of hairs.
314
What does Caducous mean?
Falling off early or prematurely.
315
Define Cohesion (connate).
The union of like parts.
316
What is Connivent?
Coming together or converging but not organically connected.
317
Define Convulate.
Describes a condition where each segment is rolled lengthwise, overlapping with the next.
318
What is a Corona?
A series of appendages on the corolla or on the back of the stamens.
319
Define Determinate inflorescence.
Cyme-like or said of an inflorescence in which the terminal flower blooms slightly in advance of its nearest associates.
320
What does Epigynous mean?
When the perianth and androecium is positioned above the ovary.
321
Define Excluded.
Protruding beyond the surrounding organ.
322
What does Gibbous refer to?
Swollen or protuberant on one side.
323
Define Hypogynous.
Flower with the calyx situated below the ovary.
324
What is Included?
Contained within, usually in reference to stamens, styles, or capsules.
325
Define Indeterminate inflorescence.
Descriptive of an inflorescence in which the flowers open progressively from the base upward or from the outside inward.
326
What does Perigynous mean?
With the perianth surrounding the ovary.
327
Define Plicate.
With parallel folds, pleated.
328
What is Saccate?
Pouch-shaped, irregularly obovoid and hollow.
329
Define Ventricose.
With swollen or bulging unequally on one side that is usually in the middle.

phytography (1 decks)

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