Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae - Paramyxoviridae- Orthomyxoviridae - Rhabdoviridae

Question 1

PICORNAVIRIDAE - Polio TRANSMISSION

Answer 1

Oral-fecal

Question 2

• Herpangina (vesicular pharyngitis)

-Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

• Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
  (vesicular rash on hands and feet
  and ulcerations in the mouth)
• Aseptic meningitis

Answer 2

Coxsackie A viruses

Question 3

• Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease, “devil’s grip”)
• Severe generalized disease of infants

-Myocarditis, pericarditis (Most commonly identified causative agent of heart disease in humans)

• Aseptic meningitis

Answer 3

Coxsackie B viruses

Question 4

ECHO virus is short for?

Answer 4

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

Question 5

Common cold: most
common human infection

Answer 5

Rhinovirus

Question 6

• Most common cause of childhood diarrhea
• Severe cases: stools are clear (“white stool diarrhea”)

Answer 6

Rotavirus

Question 7

only RNA virus with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome

Answer 7

REOVIRIDAE

Question 7

(aka Enterovirus 72)

Answer 7

Hepatitis A virus

Question 8

Blueberry muffin

Answer 8

TOGAVIRIDAE - Rubella virus

Question 9

aka GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

Answer 9

RUBELLA

Question 10

• Rotavirus is resistant to stomach acid and hence can reach the small

-Most common cause of childhood diarrhea

• Severe cases: stools are clear (“white stool diarrhea”)

Answer 10

Rotavirus (REOVIRIDAE)

Question 11

Rubella virus (TOGAVIRIDAE) mode of transmission

Answer 11

• Respiratory droplets
• Transplacentally

Question 12

Postauricular lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement: most characteristic clinical feature of this virus

Answer 12

RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

Question 13

î “blueberry muffin” appearance due to dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis

Answer 13

Rubella virus

PREVENTION
✅MMR Vaccine

• live attenuated vaccine
• Given subcutaneously
• Given at 15 months
• 2 doses recommended
• should not be given to
  immunocompromised patients or to pregnant women

Question 14

4 viruses of PARAMYXOVIRIDAE

Answer 14

✅ Measles Virus
✅ Mumps virus
✅ Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
✅ Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

Question 15

AKA red measles, rubeola, “first disease”

Answer 15

Measles Virus

Question 16

✅ Pathognomonic enanthem: Koplik’s spots (bright red lesions with a white central dot on
the buccal mucosa)

✅ Timing of appearance of rash: Height of the fever

Answer 16

Measles Virus

Question 17

Microscopic diagnosis of measles virus

Answer 17

Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin-Finkelday bodies)

Question 18

vitamin A supplementation can reduce morbidity and mortality from measles, particularly in malnourished children

Answer 18

Measles

Question 19

Note:

MMR Vaccine
- Given subcutaneously - Given at 15 months
- 2 doses recommended

Answer 19

Note:

MMR Vaccine
- Given subcutaneously - Given at 15 months
- 2 doses recommended

Question 20

cardinal manifestations of measles

Answer 20

CCC-K

cough-coryza-conjunctivitis-koplik spots

Question 21

Three MCC of viral (aseptic) meningitis

Answer 21

Mumps virus
Coxsackie virus
Echovirus

Question 22

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS / CROUP

• results in a “seal-like” barking cough and inspiratory stridor
• Narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis ➡️ steeple sign on x-ray

Answer 22

Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

DOC: Racemic epinephrine

Question 22

aka VIRAL PNEUMONIA

-The most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants

Answer 22

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Question 23

has 16 antigenically distinct types of hemagglutinin and 9 antigenically distinct types of neuraminidase

Answer 23

Influenza A

Question 24

Major outbreaks of influenza Does NOT lead to pandemic

Answer 24

Influenza B Major outbreaks of influenza

Question 25

Mild respiratory tract infection Does NOT cause outbreaks of influenza

Answer 25

Influenza C

Question 26

gold standard in the detection of rabies specific antigen

Answer 26

Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)

Question 27

- Fulminant hepatitis in pregnant women - no chronic carrier state, no cirrhosis, and no hepatocellular carcinoma - Expectant (pregnant) mother - Enteric - Epidemic

Answer 27

Hepatitis E virus

Question 28

VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS - Most important cause of epidemic viral (nonbacterial) gastroenteritis in adults - Oral-fecal - Naked icosahedral (+) ssRNA

Answer 28

Norwalk virus (Norovirus

Question 29

only RNA virus with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome

Answer 29

Rotavirus (REOVIRIDAE)

Question 30

Distinguished from all other RNA viruses by the presence of an unusual enzyme, reverse transcriptase ➡️ which converts a single stranded RNA viral genome into a double-stranded viral DNA (ssRNA➡️dsDNA)

Answer 30

RETROVIRIDAE

Question 31

HIV protein .... Attachment to CD4 protein Antigenicity changes rapidly

Answer 31

gp120

Question 32

HIV... Presumptive diagnosis: detection of antibodies in the patient’s serum to the _____protein of HIV using ELISA.

Answer 32

p24 protein

Question 35

longest viruses

Answer 35

FILOVIRIDAE - Ebola virus natural host : fruit bats Transmission : direct contact with bodily fluids, fomites (including dead bodies), infected bats or primates (apes/ monkeys)

Question 36

abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms, diarrhea/vomiting, high fever, myalgia - high mortality rate (100%) - can progress to DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock - targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes

Answer 36

Ebola virus

Question 37

ebola diagnosis

Answer 37

ELISA Antigen tests RT-PCR

Question 38

Second to rhinovirus as the most common cause of common colds

Answer 38

Coronavirus

Question 39

Bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquito - Influenza-like syndrome characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, leukopenia and lymphadenopathy - HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - Hemorrhagic shock syndrome is due to the production of large amounts of cross-reacting antibody at the time of a second dengue infection (antibody-dependent enhancement)

Answer 39

Dengue virus

Question 40

- most prevalent blood- borne pathogen in the United States. - IV drug users - predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 40

Hepatitis C virus (FLAVIVIRIDAE)

Question 41

Screening for HCV

Answer 41

Anti-HCV antibodies

Question 42

confirmatory test for HCV

Answer 42

Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)

Question 43

(Hepatitis__) most common indication for liver transplantation

Answer 43

HCV

Question 44

Complications: ✅ Microcephaly ✅ Guillain-Barre Syndrome Causes conjunctivitis, low-grade pyrexia, muscle and joint pain, malaise, headache, and itchy rash in 20% cases - Aedes mosquito bites - Sexual and vertical transmission possible

Answer 44

Zika virus

Question 45

Prostration and shock occur, accompanied by upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage with hematemesis ✅ (“black vomit”)

Answer 45

Yellow Fever virus

Question 46

- bird-mosquito-man cycle - The most important clinical picture is encephalitis with or without signs of ✅- Bite of Culex mosquito ✅ Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) on liver biopsy

Answer 46

Yellow Fever virus

Question 47

- most common cause of epidemic encephalitis - Bite of Culex mosquitoes

Answer 47

Japanese B Encephalitis virus

Question 48

All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA EXCEPT:

Answer 48

PARVOVIRUS

Question 49

All DNA viruses have linear DNA EXCEPT:

Answer 49

PAPILLOMAVIRUS POLYOMAVIRUS HEPADNAVIRUS

Question 50

All DNA viruses are icosahedral EXCEPT:

Answer 50

POXVIRUS (complex)