Picornavirus

Question 1

enterovirus: acid stable or labile?

Answer 1

stable

Question 2

describe antigenic neutralizing sites on poliovirus type 1

Answer 2

viral binding site is a canyon that surrounds the 5-fold axis; antigenic neutralizing sites surround the canyon; hydrophobic pocket at the base of the canyon

Question 3

how the polio vaccine works

Answer 3

the antibody binds to the canyon of the virus and blocks the cell receptor from binding to the virus

Question 4

polio virus receptor

Answer 4

PVR

Question 5

coxsackieviruses group B receptors

Answer 5

hCAR, DAF

Question 6

major human rhinovirus receptor

Answer 6

ICAM-1

Question 7

organization of the picornavirus RNA genome

Answer 7

positive sense RNA, single stranded, 5’ NTR, poly A tail, protein coding region, 3’ NTR

Question 8

the protein coding region for picornavirus genome

Answer 8

P1: viral capsid coding region

P2/P3: nonstructural protein coding region

Question 9

the 5’ NTR of the enteroviruses comprises what percent of their genome?

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

what causes attenuation of the polio virus?

Answer 10

single nucleotide change that causes a loop in the translation protein

Question 11

the polio virus makes 2Apro protein in order to inhibit..

Answer 11

the eIF-4G complex that helps initiate translation

Question 12

the polio virus makes 3Cpro protein in order to inhibit..

Answer 12

PABP from binding to the polyA tail

Question 13

the poliovirus inhibits the host cell’s machinery in order to..

Answer 13

only make copies of itself, not the host’s proteins

Question 14

transmission of enterovirus

Answer 14

fecal-oral, respiratory, shedding, incubation period is variable

Question 15

modes of vertical transmission of enterovirus/what this causes in the newborn

Answer 15

congenital (transplacental), peripartum; cause neonatal sepsis

Question 16

a congenital condition which would cause susceptibility to contracting enterovirus from the mother during 3rd trimester or during birth

Answer 16

x-linked agammaglobulinemia (B cell deficiency)

Question 17

enterovirus elimination by the body involves..

Answer 17

humoral (B cell) immunity, not T cells

Question 18

vaccine strains of poliovirus are called.

Answer 18

Sabin strains

Question 19

*primary sites of distribution of lesions due to poliomyelitis

Answer 19

grey matter anterior horns of spinal cord//motor nuclei of pons and medulla (affects motor and autonomic neurons)

Question 20

most common clinical presentation of polio

Answer 20

minor illness (90-95%)

Question 21

abortive poliomyelitis symptoms

Answer 21

fever, headache, stiffness of neck, back hamstrings, hyperesthesias, paresthesias

Question 22

CSF changes are consistent with aseptic meningitis in

Answer 22

abortive poliomyelitis

Question 23

how can you differentiate paralytic poliomyelitis from Guillian-Barre syndrome?

Answer 23

paralysis is ASYMMETRIC and flaccid in polio, SYMMETRIC in Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 24

*describe Sabin vaccines for polio

Answer 24

live attenuated, induces systemic AND gut immunity to polio

Question 25

entervirus is responsible for more than 85% of cases of..

Answer 25

aseptic meningitis in the US

Question 26

which produces more neurologic findings: encephalitis or meningitis?

Answer 26

encephalitis since its infection of the brain itself

Question 27

enterovirus that’s responsible for most acute sporadic myocarditis

Answer 27

group B coxsackievirus

Question 28

what enterovirus causes hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 28

coxsackie virus A-16

Question 29

where you would find vesicles in a patient with herpangina (from coxsackievirus)

Answer 29

tonsils, uvula, tongue, palate, posterior pharynx, anterior pillars of the fauces

Question 30

what enterovirus causes pleurodynia (epidemic myalgia, Bornholm disease)?

Answer 30

coxsackievirus group B (devil’s grip chest pain)

Question 31

*most severe form of sepsis for babies

Answer 31

neonatal enterovirus sepsis syndrome

Question 32

neonatal enterovirus sepsis syndrome causes..

Answer 32

hepatitis, myocarditis, meningo-encephalitis

Question 33

*clinical findings of children with chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in agammaglobulinemia (CEMA)

Answer 33

Chronic meningitis
dementia
hepatitis
dermatomyositis

Question 34

rituximab targets..

Answer 34

CD20 (anti-B cell)

Question 35

*cell culture for detection of enterovirus has been replaced by..

Answer 35

RT-PCR (rapid diagnosis test of choice)