Pictures

Question 1

Which type of blood vessel is shown here?

Answer 1

Elastic artery

note all of the elastin!

THis could be the aorta or common carotid or brachiocephalic trunk or something!

Question 2

What is this vessel called?

Answer 2

muscular artery

note the internal & external elastic lamina that contain elastin…

this could be a brachial artery or radial artery etc.

Question 3

What is this?

Answer 3

the one-way valve of the vein

this prevents backflow!

Question 4

What is shown here?

Answer 4

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

seen in benign essential HTN

Eosinophilic deposition around the arterioles in the kidney. Kidney would look blown up. Kidney would have a rough outer surface b/c of the hyaline arteriosclerosis.

Question 5

What is shown here?

Answer 5

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

seen in malignant HTN

proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the kidney & their media

on gross–hemorrhages seen along edges of kidney

Question 6

Describe the process illustrated in this picture.

Answer 6

Due to risk factors endothelial injury & dysfunction has occurred.

We are now in a chronic inflammatory state w/ T cells & monocytes/macrophages being recruited to save the day.

Smooth muscle cell precursors are also recruited.

Additionally, there is a migration of smooth muscle cells from the media thru the internal elastic membrane.

ECM is made in the intima alongside the increase in SMC in the intima.

LDL makes its way into the cell b/c of the endothelial cell weakening…& is oxidized (increase in oxygen free radicals with all the lipids).

Oxidized LDL is eaten up by macrophages, turning them into foam cells.

This causes an increase in growth factor, cytokines, chemokines, recruitment etc.

Question 7

What does this picture show?

Answer 7

atherosclerosis

Question 8

What does this pic show?

Answer 8

atherosclerosis

A & B: fatty streaks & atheromas make these aortas crunchy like butterfingers

B: is an advanced atheroma–so it includes hemorrhages.

Question 9

What is shown in this histo slide?

Answer 9

This shows an MI 1-2 days after the infarct.

there is coagulative necrosis of the myocardium

it is difficult to see the striations & the intercalated discs

looks like wavy fibers (b/c of the tension b/w the good fibers & bad fibers)

Question 10

What is shown in this histo slide?

Answer 10

this is 3-4 days after the MI

you can see recruitment of the inflammatory cells

healing is beginning

Question 11

What is shown in this histo slide?

Answer 11

1-2 weeks after the MI

this is granulation tissue

macrophages are eating up the dead tissue (myocytes)

Question 12

What is shown in this histo slide?

Answer 12

this is long after the MI

fibrosis has occurred

Question 13

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 13

occlusive thrombus

Question 14

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 14

severe atherosclerosis of the left main branch of the heart

Question 15

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 15

occlusive atherosclerosis with thrombus

Question 16

Which type of hypertrophy is shown here?

Answer 16

pressure overload hypertrophy

ventricles have the same chamber size, but much greater ventricular wall thickness.

In fact…concentric increase in wall thickness

Question 17

What type of hypertrophy is shown here?

Answer 17

volume overload hypertrophy

dilated ventricles from all the fluid

less of an increase in the thickness of the ventricular wall

Question 18

Which type of heart valve is seen here?

Answer 18

atrioventricular valves

note the chordae tendinae connecting to the papillary muscles

also called leaflets

Question 19

What type of valves are these?

Answer 19

semilunar valves

note the cusps

Question 20

What is shown here?

Answer 20

lined by endothelium

connected to myocardium

fibroelastic tissue present

Question 21

What is shown here?

Answer 21

aortic valve

but it’s calcified!

form of valvular heart disease, due to normal wear & tear

Question 22

What is shown here?

Answer 22

aortic valve that is calcificed

valvular heart disease

mechanism: Valves have “osteoblast like cells” that cause the deposition of calcium. Ca++ is made inside the fibroelastic tissue of the valve.

Question 23

What does this pic show?

Answer 23

acute rheumatic disease

Question 24

What does this pic show?

Answer 24

chronic rheumatic disease

Question 25

What does this pic show?

Answer 25

Aschoff body ## Footnote Aschoff looks like granulomatous reaction. Surrounds a blood vessel. Inflammatory reaction—macrophages w/ prominent nucleoli—bodies.

Question 26

What does this pic show?

Answer 26

Aschoff body ## Footnote Aschoff looks like granulomatous reaction. Surrounds a blood vessel. Inflammatory reaction—macrophages w/ prominent nucleoli—bodies.

Question 28

What does this pic show?

Answer 28

endocarditis

Question 29

What does this pic show?

Answer 29

histo slide of endocarditis

Question 30

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 30

endocarditis

Question 31

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 31

endocarditis

Question 32

What is wrong with this heart?

Answer 32

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 33

What is wrong with this heart?

Answer 33

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 34

What does this histo show?

Answer 34

cardiomyopathy

Question 35

What does this histo show?

Answer 35

amyloidosis this could be restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 36

What does this show?

Answer 36

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 37

What is shown here?

Answer 37

myocarditis

Question 38

What does this pic show?

Answer 38

histo of myocarditis

Question 39

What is this?

Answer 39

myxoma, a cardiac tumor most common primary tumor in adults benign

Question 40

What is seen here?

Answer 40

rhabdomyoma most common primary tumor in children associated with tuberous sclerosis

Question 41

What is shown here?

Answer 41

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 42

What is shown here?

Answer 42

aortic dissection see the separation & the blood

Question 43

What is shown here?

Answer 43

aortic dissection see the double lumen

Question 44

What is shown here?

Answer 44

aortic dissection caused by a Marfan aortic arch

Question 45

What is shown here?

Answer 45

aortic dissection see, there's blood

Question 46

What is shown here?

Answer 46

C-ANCA aka PR3-ANCA found in the cytoplasm of the neutrophils Also...P-ANCA aka MPO-ANCA found perinuclearly in the neutrophils, lysosomal

Question 47

What is shown here?

Answer 47

granulomatous inflammation with giant cells giant cell arteritis thick intima causes a decrease in lumen size

Question 48

What is shown here?

Answer 48

giant cell arteritis notice the thick intima with the decreased lumen size. internal elastic lamina is fragmented as a part of this arteritis as well

Question 49

What is shown here?

Answer 49

Takayasu Arteritis narrow vessels thickened, hard intima granulomatous inflammation, including giant cells

Question 50

What is shown in this pic?

Answer 50

polyarteritis nodosa medium sized blood vessel see some fibrosis perhaps & some inflammation

Question 51

What is this condition?

Answer 51

see the strawberry tongue & the oral erythema & erosion desquamative rash Kawasaki Disease--affects medium sized vessels

Question 52

Which condition is shown in this histo?

Answer 52

Churg-Strauss Syndrome very pink b/c of the eosinophilia Remember: Churg Strauss=PAN or microscopic polyangitis + eosinophils + granulomas

Question 53

What is shown here?

Answer 53

Wegener Granulomatosis remember: like PAN + respiratory involvement. Granulomas. small vessel vasculitis

Question 54

What is shown in this histo?

Answer 54

thromboangitis obliterans

Question 55

What is shown here?

Answer 55

hemangioma note all the blood vessels filled with blood

Question 56

What is shown here?

Answer 56

lymphangioma dilated lymphatic channels

Question 57

What is this?

Answer 57

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Question 58

WHat's this?

Answer 58

angiosarcoma malignant endothelial neoplasm

Question 59

What is shown here?

Answer 59

Early After Depolarization arrhythmia of impulse formation, of the atrial/ventricular myocardium caused by increased activity of Na+ channels can lead to Prolonged QT interval & Torsades de Point/Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 60

What is shown here?

Answer 60

Delayed After Depolarization Caused by too much Ca++ in SR, released, goes thru Na+/Ca++ exchanger & allows sodium into the cell, depolarizing it.

Question 61

What is this?

Answer 61

premature ventricular contraction a result of a decrease in conduction velocity with reentry a single impulse originates at the RV

Question 62

What is this?

Answer 62

Ventricular Tachycardia multiple impulses originate from the ventricular pacemaker an arrhythmia involving slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry

Question 63

What is this?

Answer 63

ventricular fibrillation chaotic ventricular depolarization an arrhythmia from slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry

Question 64

What is this?

Answer 64

atrial flutter impulse travel in a circular course in the atria

Question 65

What is this?

Answer 65

atrial fibrillation impulses have chaotic random pathways in the atria arrhythmia involving slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry

Question 66

What is this?

Answer 66

junctional rhythm caused b/c the pacemaker has become the AV node. the p wave is after the QRS b/c of the direction impulses travel this is an arrhythmia involving impulse formation, b/c of an ectopic conducting system