Pictures from the lectures slides Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
A
Hut Urns from Latin Culture (Latium)- Archaic I Period 1000-750 B.C.
Vilianovian
2
Q
A
Geometric Style 750-675 B.C.- Archaic II
Vetulonia beast-headed man and woman (top). Wiry geometric style sculptures from Tarquinia and Vetulonia.
3
Q
A
Marsiliana Ivory ca. 650 B.C.- Archaic III Period- Early Etruscan, End of Villanovan Period
4
Q
Vilianovians
A
Villanovans- Archaic I and II, Pericle Ducati, Bologna typesite
a. Pozzo and Ziro Tombs
b. Biconical Ash Urns
c. Impasto Ware
5
Q
Characteristics of Archaic II (750-675 B.C.)
A
Sculpture- The Wiry Geometric Style
a. Characteristics: open form, not realistic, fork legs, slit eyes, gash mouth
b. The Beast Headed Man and Woman from Vetulonia
6
Q
Who are the Etruscans?
A
a. Indigenous People influenced by Assyria, Phoenicia and Greece
b. International Age- May come largely from Po Valley and villages such as
Frattesina on eastern Po.
c. Raw materials to trade- wool, wine, iron, copper
7
Q
Tumulus
A
- Krepis
- Dromos
- Stele
- Corbel- corbeled arch
- Cerveteri/Caere/Agylla
8
Q
Bucchero
A
Ungly Ethrascan pottery
9
Q
dodecapolis
and
Lucumones
A
League of 12 Cities- dodecapolis
Leaders of these cities were called Lucumones
10
Q
Romulus
A
first king 753-717 B.C.
Rome before the Etruscans
11
Q
Etruscan Contributions to the Romans
A
- Ivory thrones
- Folding Chair
- Purple tunic
- Temples
- Large architecture
- Lictors and fasces
- Circus
- Gladiator combats
- Hydraulics
12
Q
The Regolini-Galassi Tomb
A
- 650 B.C.- rebordered 6th century B.C.
- 5 tombs added to original
- Dromos
- Camera
- Sigillum
- Tamburo- crepis, torus, listellum
- Alae- right ala with man in bronze biconic urn, left with burned biga
- Corbel
- Antechamber- bronze bed of noble warrior, chariots, shields
- Cella with Larthia
13
Q
A
14
Q
A
15
Q
Tomb of the Shields and Chairs
Tomb of the Reliefs
A
600-550 B.C., Cerveteri
300 B.C., Cerveteri
16
Q
The Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinia
A
ca. 510 B.C.
The Tomb of the Lionesses, ca. 530 B.C.
- Doric capitals
- Funerary banquet with dancers
- Cithara
- Auloi
- Tutulus
- Histriones
- Cymbals and castanets
- Eggs and kylix
17
Q
The Archaic Style
A
Archaic smile, profile eye, stylization, 600-500 B.C
- Chunky figures more detailed than in Archaic III
- Large heads, pointed beards, large feet and hands
- Almond sideways facing eye, profile head, frontal torso, profile legs
- Lack of contropposto or chiastic weight shift
- Stylization of drapery and hair braids, echelon technique for horses and clothes
18
Q
The Tomb of the Augurs
The Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinia
A
C. The Tomb of the Augurs- ca. 530 B.C.
- Bloody funeral games- blood sacrifices to dead
- Phersu
- Tomb name is wrong– a misnomer
- Herakles and Cerberus in Tertullian
D. The Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinia- ca. 510 B.C.
- Paesaggio vs. Megalographic painting
- Joie de vivre
- Horror Vacui
- Apotropaic
- Lack of taxis
- Compare with Greek painting at Paestum, South Italy, Tomb of the Diver
19
Q
Piacenza Liver
A
found 1877 in Po Valley
- Usils the sun god
- 16 divisions of the heavens
- Lightning, manubia controlled by the 6
- 1=warning, 2=terrifying good omen, 3=destruction
- Di Consentes
- Haruspex consults Disciplina Etrusca
- Thunder on left of God good
20
Q
The Athrpa Mirror
A
Hellenistic Period, from Perugia, now in Berlin
- Turan, lover of Atune
- The inevitability of fate- the nail of fate
a. Temple of Fortuna at Volsinii- cella nail
b. Saeculum - Atlenta and Meliacr= Atalanta and Meleager
- Athrpa/Atropos- destiny gives mother of Meleager the wooden log
- ca.320 B.C.
21
Q
Augur
A
alites, oscines, auspices, pullareus, epilepsy, 2 headed calves
referee
22
Q
Doric Temple Characteristics
A
a. Column shaft and fluteso
b. Echinus
c. Abacus
d. Triglyphs
e. Metopes
f. The Angle Triglyph Problem
g. Pediment
h. Tympanum
i. Cornice- horizontal, side and raking
j. Acroteria
23
Q
Ionic
A
a. Base
b. Arrises
c. Torus and scotia
d. Echinus, volutes, abacus
e. Fasciated architrave
f. Frieze
g. Slender and graceful
h. Anatolia first–Turkey, western Asia Minor
24
Q
Carthage
A
- The Phoenician Arrival- ca,. 814 B.C. Queen Dido/Elissa
- The Age of Hannibal- 3rd century B.C. wars with Rome- Punic Wars 264-146 BC
Key Dates for Carthage
- Ca. 800 B.C.- founded by Queen Dido and the Phoenicians
- 6th to 4th centuries B.C.- The Golden Age, Mediterranean Power- Increasing democratization
- 3rd century B.C.- The Punic Wars–Carthage against Rome
- 146 B.C.- Complete destruction of Carthage by Scipio Aemilianus
- Early First Century A.D.- rebuilding of Carthage by Augustus/Tiberius
25
Lapis Niger
1. The black stone pavement in the northwest corner of the forum
2. Burial site or heroon?
3. Tomb of Romulus or Faustulus
4. Taboo Spot with lion guardians
26
Time Line of Rome
1. The Archaic Period 600-500 B.C.- Rome is under the Etruscans
2. The Classical Period 500-300 B.C.-- Rise of the Roman Republic from 509 B.C.
3. The Hellenistic Period 300- 30 B.C.- Rise of Rome as Mediterranean power
4. The Roman Republic 509-30 B.C.
5. The Roman Empire 30 B.C.- 4th century A.D.
27
Forum Life
1. Latrinum
2. Weights and measures- mensa ponderaria
3. Manumission of slaves
4. Triumphs
5. Public sacrifices
6. Funerals
7. Professional readers, philosophers, prostitute
28
Name the vaults
1. Barrel Vault
2. Groin Vault
3.
29
Barberini Mosaic
Egyptian and Greek influences
30
Verism
Verism- ultra-realistic Roman late Republican portraiture
a. First century B.C.- the Age of Individualism and Nabobs
b. The Gens puts up statues of the ancestors and claim descent from Gods
c. Physical likeness of living to ancestors important
d. Imagines- the dead thought symbolically present
e. Lararium- cult of the Lares
f. Death Masks- rigor mortis
31
The First Style
Incrustation Style 200-80 B.C.
a. Three horizontal divisions of the wall- socle, frieze, upper masonry course
b. Imitation of drafted masonry
c. Polychromy
d. Cornices
e. Flat walls
f. Samnite House in Herculaneum
32
The Second Style
Illusionistic Style 80 B.C.-15 B.C.
a. Illusionism- expands the room visually
b. Push-pull walls and columns painted on
c. House of the Griffins in Rome
33
The Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii
0 B.C.- Bride of Dionysus, Dionysiac mysteries
b. Narrative
c. Satyr
d. Pan and Panisca
e. Lekantomanteia
f. Domina
g. Ritual flagellation
34
Cleopatra
* Julius Cesear
* Mark Antony
* Suicide
*
35
The Forum of Augustus
31-2 B.C.
. At right angles to the Forum of Julius Caesar
2. The Temple of Mars Ultor- Avenging Mars
a. Venus, Mars, Hephaestus
b. The Battle of Phillippi- Antony defeated Cassius and Brutus, the killers of Julius Caesar in 42 B.C.-- commemorated in temple
3. Senate met here and triumphs celebrated
4. Sword of Julius Caesar kept here
36
Res Gestae
list of things done by Augustus by his time of death
37
Pont du Gard
the Roman aqueduct near Nimes, Southern France
## Footnote
1. 165 feet high- Roman dynamic functionalism, bridge over the Gardon River
2. Aqueduct and bridge
3. Choosing a water source- Vitruvius
4. Dioptra
5. Curator Aquarum
6. 2% gradient
7. Specus
8. Puteus
9. Castellum
10. Water towers and water taxes
11. Lead Pipes
12. Drains
13. Water Storing Cisterns
38
The Mausoleum of Augustus
1. Campus Martius- part of complex with Ara Pacis
2. Must bury outside city walls
3. Cremation district owned by Julio-Claudians
4. Gaius and Lucius, Agrippa, Octavia, Caligula, Claudius, Agrippina
5. Influence on architecture of Etruscan tumuli
6. Influence on architecture of Hellenistic Kings such as Mausolus' Mausoleum of Halicarnassos
39
The Prima Porta Augustus
C. The Prima Porta Augustus- Roman sculpture ca. 20 B.C.
1. Eclectic
2. Idealized Augustus as superman- Classical and Baroque
3. Influence of the Doryphorus of Polyclitus
4. Sculpture as a propaganda billboard
5. Barefoot like Aeneas
6. Verism plus Classicism of fifth century B.C. Athens
7. Military hero with paludamentum, orator
8. Frontality- poorly finished on the back
9. World-making cosmic view- Eos and Cephalos, Tellus, Caelus, sphinxes, pacified provinces
10. Cupid and dolphin- dynastic claims to Venus
11. Augustus dies at 76 but never ages past 30
40
Julio-Claudian Successors of Augustus
1. Augustus 27 B.C.- A.D. 14
2. Tiberius A.D. 14-37
3. Caligula 37-41
4. Claudius 41-54
5. Nero 54-68
41
Third Style
Third Style of Pompeiian Painting under Augustus
1. Villa of Agrippa Postumus at Boscotrecase ca. 15 B.C.
2. The Sacro-Idyllic Landscape
3. Vitruvius, Augustus' architect and the Ten Books on Architecture, ca. 15 B.C.
42
Caligula
Caligula- name means little boots, real name Gaius, son of Germanicus
1. Massive spender and builds Palatine Hill palace
2. Development of 3rd Style of Pompeiian painting in early first century A.D.
a. House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto in Pompeii
b. Candelabrum Style- thin and reedy, tabulae, flat wall
c. Perspective without depth, floating delicacy
43
Tiberius
1. Stepson of Augustus, last choice of Augustus
2. Forced to divorce his dear, pregnant wife to wed Julia
3. Unhappy in marriage- Augustus chooses Gaius and Lucius to succeed Augustus
a. Augustus adopts these children of Agrippa and Julia in 17 B.C.
b. 6 B.C.- Tiberius gets tribunicia potestas
c. 5 B.C.-A.D. 5 - Tiberius in self imposed exile in Rhodes
d. A.D. 13- named co-regent by emperor but must adopt Germanicus, son of Drusus
e. A.D. 26- Leaves Rome permanently for Capri
f. Praetorian Prefect Lucius Aelius Sejanus becomes cruel dictator of Rome
4. Popularity of brickworks
5. Populace hates Tiberius- he has grotto and villa at Sperlonga
44
Claudius
1. Uncle of Caligula- forced on senate by palace guards
2. Passed over by Augustus and Tiberius
7. Had 4 wives
8. Romans expand territory- A.D. 46 Conquest of Britain
9. Agrippina the Younger- daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina, son of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
45
Severus and Celer
master architects and engineers
2. Arches, vaults, concrete, bricks
3. Architecture that surprises and astonishes
4. Anthropomorphic architecture
5. Marble mania- polychromy
6. Mystery spaces and funhouse effects- controlled vistas
7. Contrasting size columns juxtaposed
46
The Fourth Style
The Fourth Style- Baroque, flamboyant painting, Fabullus of the Domus Aurea
a. Fantastic massive architecture
b. Elaborate upper course
c. Impossible combinations of architecture
d. House of the Vettii in Pompeii
47
The Flavian Style of Vespasian
1. Practicality- military man
2. Peace at last- Forum Pacis, Templum Pacis
3. Revival of Verism
4. Revival of Baroque tendencies
48
The Flavian Emperors
1. Vespasian A.D 69-79
2. Titus 79-81
3. Domitian 81-96
49
Domitian
1. Sports nut, Colosseum naumachia, torchlit games
2. Wears purple robe with gold triad crown
3. Sits at games with priest of deified Flavians and Jupiter
4. Minerva his patron goddess- Forum Transitoria
5. Buried a vestal virgin alive
6. Age of Martial and Juvenal in Roman literatre
50
Flavian Amphitheater
E. Flavian Amphitheater- The Colosseum
1. Venationes
2. Bestiarii
3. Gladiators (gladius)
4. Built over lake of Nero's Golden House
5. Built in 4 sections- travertine skeleton linked with tufa, brick, concrete
6. Finished A.D. 98-
7. Naumachia
8. Maenianum primus, secundum, in lignis
9. Doric, Ionic and Corinthian exterior
10. Vomitoria
11. Barrel vaults, annular vaults, groin vaults
51
Compluvium
and
Impluvium
compluvium - roof
Impluvium- depression in the floor where rain water was caught
52
column of Trajan
Celebrated victory over Dacians.
Had personification of Danube river at bottom
Relief sculpture
Contains his ashes after his death
53
The Forum of Trajan
1. 660 by 390 feet
2. Valley between the Quirinal and Capitoline Hills
3. Cut down Quirinal 125 feet
4. Dacian caryatids
5. Finished A.D. 116
6. Triple arch with quadriga
7. Giant equestrian Trajan
8. Roofs of colonnades- military standards and horses for acroteria
54
Basilica Ulpia
400 by 200 feet
1. 96 Egyptian grey granite columns
2. Libraries behind it
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