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Wine Scholar Guild italian > Piemonte > Flashcards

Piemonte Flashcards

1
Q

CATA

How many hectares are cultivated in Piemonte?

A

45.000

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2
Q

Is it the first region in Italy in surface?

A

No, the first one is sicily

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3
Q

How many DOCG, DOC and IGT are in Piemonte?

A

17 DOCG
42 DOC
0 IGT

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4
Q

Were the Piemonte wines famous amongst romans?

A

No

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5
Q

How many unique varieties does the Piemonte has

A

20 unique varieties

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6
Q

Are international varieties important in Piemonte?

A

No

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7
Q

Which where the first tribes in Piemonte around 1000 BC

A

Taurini

Salasi

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8
Q

From who both Taurini and Salasi learnt about winemaking?

A

From Etruscans

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9
Q

What did happen with Taurasi ans Salesi around 400 BC?

A

The celitics and together they confronted Rome

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10
Q

Name 5 cities founded by Romans

A

Ivrea
Asti
Alba
Novara
Vercelli

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11
Q

Did the Barbarian Invasions afffected the Piemonte region?

A

Not so much

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12
Q

What kind of organization occured when the Lombards entered in the VI to Piemonte?

A

There is a division un duchies and counties
Marquisates (Montferrato and Saluzzo)
City states (Asti, Alessandria, Novara)

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13
Q

What does happen in Piemonte after the arrival of the Lombards in the VI?

A

In the VIII the Franks appear bringing the Holy Roman Empire

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14
Q

Who managed the middle age viticulture

A

Catholic monks

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15
Q

Which city was considered as the most advanced in the middle ages

A

Montferrato

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16
Q

Which were the the first varieties in appprear in Piemonte?

A

Nebbiolo
Moscato

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17
Q

What important marriage did occur in 1045?

A

Oddone Count of Savoy
Adelaide de Susa Marquise of Torino

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18
Q

What did happed in the XVIII in Piemonte?

A

Savoia acquired most of NW of Italy transforming the Duchy of Savoya in the KIngdom of Serdegna

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19
Q

After the Napoleon defeat in 1815 it takes Italy what important movement? Who was on the of the main actors?

A

The Risorgimiento

KIngdom of Serdegna Prime Minister CAVOUR

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20
Q

When is founded the Kingdom of Italy?

A

1861

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21
Q

Which cities became aroun 1872 as centers of monitoring and experimentation in the Piemonte?

A

Asti and Gattinara

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22
Q

When was founded in 1855?

A

Oenological schol of Alba

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23
Q

In which order did the pests come?

A
  1. Oidium
  2. Phyloxera
  3. Mildew
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24
Q

Amongst what altitudes are stiuated most of vineyards in Piemonte?

A

Between 150 and 400 msnm

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25
Q

What can you say about the other cultive in Piemonte?

A

RICE
Piemonte is the largest producer in Italy
The type arborio
Vercelli has several ruce fields

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26
Q

Which is the orographic frame that closes Piemonte?

A

North : Alps
South : Ligurian apenines and maritime alps
West : Alps

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27
Q

Which is the % of the ring of mountains, hills and flat plains in the piemonte?

A

Mountains 43%
Hills 30%
Flat 27% (the upper part of the Pianura Padana), Plains of Novara and Planis of Vercelli

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28
Q

Is there any intermediate mountains to the West?

A

No.
There are just clusters of mountains.

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29
Q

Important cities of Montferrato, Langhe and Roero, Novara and Vercelli and the Hills of Tortona

A

Montferrato: Asti and Alessandria
Langhe and Roero Cuneo
Novara and Vercelli Novara and Vercelli
Hills of Tortona Alessandria

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30
Q

Name the tributaries of the Po River to the north and to the south

A

North
Ticino, Sesia, Dora Baltea, Dora Riparia

South
Tanaro
Bormida

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31
Q

How can be defined the climate in Piemonte?

When are snow, fogs and hail common

A

Continental with several microclimates and macroclimates

Snow : common in winter
Fogs common in autum and winter
Hail late summer - early autum (Langhe, Montferrato)

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32
Q

Which is the average Temperature in
Piemonte?

A

12°C
(13°C to the south)

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33
Q

Why is the rain limited?

Where is the highest level of rain found?

A

Due to the shadow effect of the Alps (500-600 mm in Cuneo and Montferrato)

Highest: South piemonte (900 - 1200)

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34
Q
A

Albugnano DOC

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35
Q
A

Piemonte DOC

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36
Q
A

Barbera d’Asti DOC

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37
Q
A

Cortese dell’Alto Montferrato

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38
Q
A

Dolcetto d’Asti DOC

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39
Q
A

Freisa d’Asti DOC

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40
Q
A

Loazzolo DOC

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41
Q
A

Malvasia del Castelnuovo Don Bosco

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42
Q
A

Ruche de Castiglione Montferrato

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43
Q

Which are the most famous grapes of Piemonte (70% of the production)

A

Dolcetto
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Moscato Bianco

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44
Q

Namer the secondary 10 grape varieties of Piemonte

A

Freisa
Brachetto
Girngolino
Croatina

Malvasia di Scheriano
Malvasia di Casorzo
Ruché
Uva Rara
Vespolina

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45
Q

Which is the most planted grape variety and where it is more common?

A

BARBERA
Asti
Alessandria

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46
Q

Which is the most prestigiuos grape variety in the whole Piemonte?

A

NEBBIOLO
Barolo and Barbaresco
Langhe Nebbiolo
Nebbiolo d’Alba
Roero
Gattinara
Gheme
Carema

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47
Q

Which is the “nd most popular grape variety in the Piemonte?

A

Moscato Bianco
Popular for the Asti DOCG

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48
Q

Which is the very expressive grape variety in GAVI DOCG

A

The Cortese Grape

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49
Q

Where can be located the origin of the Barbera grape?

A

At the hills of Montferrato in XVII XVIII

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50
Q

Why after phyloxera the producers loved the Barbera Grape?

A

Because of its productivity

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51
Q

What did happen with the everyday barbera wine (with dolcetto) in the 80 s ?

A

Started to be:

. late harvested
. aging in new oak¨
. low yields
. acquired aging potential

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52
Q

Is the Barbera eraly or late rippener?

A

Late rippener

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53
Q

Descritpion of the Barbera grape in acidity, tannins and fruit

A

. High acidity
. Low tannins
. Cherry fruit

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54
Q

Why are the dolcetto graped called “dolcetto”?

A

It is the sweetness of the grape when harvested

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55
Q

Where is the dolcetto grape native of?

where is most commonly planted?

A

Dogliani

Planted in higher or cool places

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56
Q

How does the dolcetto grape rippen compared to barbera and nebbiolo?

A

It ripens earlier

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57
Q

Descriptors of the dolcetto grape

A

Deep Colour
Black fruit (ripe, plum, almonds, licquorice)
Tannins
Bitter finish

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58
Q

What kind of soils the Nebbiolo grape loves?

A

Calcareous marls

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59
Q

Which is the oldest reference for Nebbiolo grape and why it is called Nebbiolo

A

First reference XIII

Nebbiolo is because the fogs when harvesting

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60
Q

How is the nebbiolo grape about the budding and ripening?

A

Early budding

Late ripener (difficult to ripe this is why the growers look for south facing and well exposed slopes)

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61
Q

Name early nebbiolo descriptoirs

A

Ruby - garnet (orange with age)
Red cherry
Rose - violet
Tar
Licquorice
Under bush
Perfume and finesse

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62
Q

Name descriptors for aged nebbiolo

A

Dried red fruits
Whitered rose petals
Sweet spices
Leather
Truffles

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63
Q

Which are the caracteristics structural descriptors of the Nebbiolo in the palate?

A

Acid
Tannins
Alcohol
Extracts and flavour concentration

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64
Q

Different Nebbiolo biotypes

A

Lampia main biotype, highly planted , most reliable
Michet virused fro Lampia
Bolla lesser quality
Rosea distinct variety

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65
Q

Is theFreisa variety also and old one?

Where is it commonly planted?

A

Yes, it comes from the 16th but lost popularity in front of Dolcetto and Barbera

Usually found at Asti, Langhe and Torino

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66
Q

Which are the organoleptic descriptors of the Freisa variety?

A

High tannins

High acidity

Wild strawberry - raspberry

Shows bitterness but a sweet finish

It can be dry or sweet.

frizzante or spumante

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67
Q

Which other very old variety was popular with the freisa?

A

Gringolino

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68
Q

Where does the gringolino name come from?

A

From gringole which is the name for the pip of the grape

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69
Q

Organolpetic descriptors for the gringolino grape

A

. Pale red
. Flowers - Red berries
. Pepper - Herbs
. High tannins, high acidity
. Light bodied, light alcohol

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70
Q

Where is the brachetto variety original from?

A

From Acquiterme (Alessandria)

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71
Q

The brachetto grape is the red equivalent of what grape?

A

Moscato bianco (redfrizzi and sparkling)

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72
Q

Some notes about the pelaverga piccolo

A

It is from Pelaverga di Verduno (Langhe) a grape almost forgotten but recovered in the ‘80

It is fruited, spiced with refreshing acidity

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73
Q

Some notes about the ruchè variety

A

Aroun Castiglinone (Asti)
Perfumed, roses, red fruit, spices

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74
Q

Notes about the Moscato Biando Grape

A

Es la famosa muscat blanc a petit grains.

It is the most planted since used for Moscato d’Asti and Asti Spumante

Notes of orange blossom, stone fruit, citrus, honey, musk

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75
Q

What do you know about the Cortese grape?

A

Very productive. Yields must be controlled.

Famous in GAVI DOCG

Refreshing acidity, minerality, lemon Zest

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76
Q

Which is the grape known for having difficult personality also named *the white Nebbiolo**?

Give some characteristics

A

Arneis Since it is difficult to ripe and its acidity can fall suddenly.

Known since the XV and native from Roero Hills. almost lost.

Recovered by Bruno Giacosa and Vietti (gre
at Barolo and Barbaresco producer)

Medium to Full body, perfumed, complex, white flowers, stone fruit, ripe pear

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77
Q

Where is the Erbaluce found?

A

Close to Caluso from XVII.

Thick skin and high acidity. It is used for the passitos

When dry is floral, apple and citrus

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78
Q

Notes about the timorasso grape

A

It is a very ancient grape fround around the hills of Tortona

Good for aging

After the phyloxera it was replaced by more productive grapes as cortese.
In the ‘80 it had almost dissapeared when it was recovered by Walter Massa

High acid, mineral, floral, citrus , honey, creaminess

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79
Q

Which are the properties that a variety has to have to produce passitos

A

High Acidity

Thick skins

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80
Q

What is the % of red wines produced in Piemonte?

A

60%

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81
Q

What is the % od wines produced under DOC or DOCG in Piemonte?

A

90%

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82
Q

Which are the most important cities on wine production in Piemonte?

A

Alba and Asti

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83
Q

Talking about the high densitiy of plantations in Piemonte, how many hectares has an average familiy state producer?

A

1 or 2 has

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84
Q

Where does the word VERMOUTH come from?

A

Wormwood or absenta from the German Wermuth

Created in 1786 by Antonio Benedetto Carpano

Originally produced with Moscato Bianco

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85
Q

Which are the pimemonte subregions?

A

Northern Piemonte
Nebbiolo, Vercelli, Biella
Nebbiolo, Erbaluce

Western Piemonte and Torini Hills
Foothill of Alps

Alba
Hills og Langhe, Hills og Roero
Nebbiolo

Montferrato
Asti and Alessandria
Barbera, Moscato Bianco

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86
Q

How is it called the nebbiolo grape in Piemonte?

A

Spanna

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87
Q

Geographical description of Novara and Vercelli Hills

. Altitude
. Important topographic element
. Borders with other regions
. Soils and subsoils origin
. Soils composition
. Which river divides east and west the region

A

. Borders Lomnbardia
. Altitude : 200 - 500 msnm
. Moraines link between Alps and the plain

Origin of soils : glacial, marine, volcanic

Origin of subsoils volcanic and granitic

The region is divided by SEsia river between East (Novara) and West (Vercelli)

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88
Q

Climate in Piemonte

. Which are the climate moderators?

A

. More moderated than the hot Po plain

. Received cool winds from Alps

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89
Q

Which was the training system before and today?

A

Pergola before
Guyot today

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90
Q

What is the final result of the cool winds from Alps.

How do they deal with it?

A

In the north, is more difficult to acheve maturity for the Nebbiolo

The nebbiolo is softened with vespolina, croatina and uva rara

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91
Q

First Notes about GATTINARA DOCG

A

One of the most prestigious DOC of Piemonte

100 has of the best natural exposition of all Piemonte

Exports since XIV
In XVI was introduced in the Court of Charles V by Cardinal Mercurino Arborio
In 1990 passed from DOC to DOCG

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92
Q

Soils of Gattinara DOCG

A

DEscomposed volcanic porphyric subsoil

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93
Q

Where was the Gattinara vineyard planted?

A

On the Sesia river between 250 - 550 msnm between Gattinara and Vercelli

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94
Q

Which are the most prestigious

A
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95
Q

Which are the most prestigious Gattinara´single vineyards

A

. Osso san Grato
. San Francesco
. Castelle
. Molsino
. Valferana

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96
Q

Which are the disciplinare requeriments for Gattinara?

A

35 months (24 in oak) 3524
47 months (36 in oak) 4736

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97
Q

Descriptors for Gasttinara DOCG

A

Violets, redberry, tar, spices, forest floor, leather
high tannins, high acidity

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98
Q

Which are the differences between the Langhe and Gattinara´s nebbiolos?

A

Lighter color and body
More acid
Lower alcohol

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99
Q

Charactaristics of Ghemme DOCG

Which are the soils?

Which are the minimum nebboilo’s content in Ghemme?

A

Created in 1997

Alluvial and glacial soils

85% Nebbiolo
15% (vespolina, uva rara)

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100
Q

Aging disciplinare requeriments for Ghemme DOCG

A

34 months (18 in oak) 3418

46 months (24 oak) 4624

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101
Q

Which are the diffeences between Gattinara and Ghemme DOCG nebbiolo´s?

A

Ghemme ones are more austere and sturdy than Gattinara ones

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102
Q

Characteristics of Lessona DOC

Types of soil

A

Minimum 85% nebbiolo
15% (vespolina/uva rara)

Soils of marine origin (both acidic and mineral rich sands) which gives a mineral caracter to the wine

Great potential

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103
Q

Description of Bramaterra DOC

Difference in soils

A

Nebbiolo must be a maximum of 50-80% blend
Up to 30% croatina
Up to 20 % uva rara /vespolina

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104
Q

List the appelations on the west side of the Sesia river

A

Gattinara, Lessona and Bramaterra

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105
Q

List appelations on west bank of Sesia river

A

Boca, Fara, Sizzano, Vallia Ossolane, Coline Novaresi

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106
Q

Which is the main differnce between the Sesia river west banks and the east one?

A

West bank ha slower minimum % of Nebbiolo and are more affordables

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107
Q

Notes about Boca DOC and its difference with Fara DOC

A

Boca is in the north, soils of volcanic origin and it is more structured.

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108
Q

Name the minor appelattions of Novara and Vercelli Hills

A

Valli Ossolane
Coline Novaresi
Coste delle Sesia

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109
Q

Wines of Valli Ossolane DOC

A

Red of Nebbiolo, Croatina and Merlot
Whites of Chardonnay

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110
Q

Which are the east and west Sesia bank fall back appelations?

A

East :
Colline Novaresi DOC
Reds based on nebbiolo
Whites 100% Erbaluce
Single varietals of Nebbiolo, Barbera, Uva Rara

West:
Coste delle Sesia
White : *Coste delle Sesia Bianco DOC** 100% of Erbaluce
Single varietals: Nebbiolo, Croatina, VEspolina

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111
Q

Major features of the Canavese region

A

It is at the foothills of the Alps, just following the Valle d’Aosta along the Ivrea Glacial Basin.

It is disected in two by the Dora Baltea river :

. Canavese: Carema DOC (Nebbiolo)

Erbaluce di Caluso (Passito)

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112
Q

Notes on Carema DOC

Simmilar to what other italian region is Carema?

Based on which grape?

Which is the dominant geographich element?

And the soils?

A

Simmilar to Valle d’Aosta

Nebbiolo (vino de montagna)

Monte Maletto (300-700 msnm) with **glacial deposits of metamorphic schists

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113
Q

Which is the traditional training system in the Carema DOC?

A

A pergola called TOPIA made with two pillars (or pillum) and a chestnut horizontal trunk.

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114
Q

Which are the minumum varietal and aging requieriments in Carema DOC?

A

Minimum 85% Nebbiolo

24 months (12 oak) 2412
Riserva
36 months (12 oak) 3612

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115
Q

Descriptors for the nebbiolo Carema DOC

A

Fragant, violets, high acidity, mineral, lightbody

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116
Q

Notes of Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

Adapted to what type of soils?

A

Famous for its passito white

Adapted to sandy, gravely and acidic soils.

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117
Q

In which styles the Erbaluce di Caluso is produced?

A

Dry : acidic and mineral. Floral aromas.
Sparkling
Sweet : passito: air dried. slightly oixidized

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118
Q

Aging requeriments for Erbaluce di Caluso

A

36 months
Riserva 48 months

119
Q

CANAVESE DOC

It is the fallback appelation of which others?

Which are the styles of wines

A

Fallback for

Erbaluce di Caluso and Carema DOC

Red and rosé wines based on nebbiolo, barbera, uva rara, freisa, neretto

Varietals:
White: Erbaluce
Reds: Nebbiolo and barbera

120
Q

Which are the most famous appellations of western piemonte?

A

Colline Saluzzesi DOC
Pineroloese DOC
Valsusa DOC

121
Q

Brief description of Pinerolese DOC wine

A

Red Blend made of :
. Nebbiolo
. Barbera
. Pelaverga grosso
. Catus

122
Q

Notes around Pinerolese DOC

A

Light, fresh and with moderated alcohol

.Largest in production

. Single varietals of
Barbera, Uva rara, Freisa, dolcetto, Doux d’Henry (dulce)

Red and Rosé blends of
Barbera, uva rara, nebbiolo, chatus

Ramie red blend
Avana, avarengo, chatus, beucet

123
Q

Is the Valsusa DOC the smaller or the largest of piemonte

A

The smaller

124
Q

Description and DOC’s of TORINO HILLS

Soils

Single Varietals

A

On calcareous marls

Single Varietals of
Barbera, Pelaverga Grosso (sweet)

Red varietals of
Barbera, uva rara, malvasia, pelavertga grosso

125
Q

Location of Alba region. How is it divided by the Tanaro river?

A

It is at the south of Piemonte, eastern section.

The Tanato divides it between :

Roero hills
Left bank
Low rising
Steeply sloped

Langhe Hills
Right banks
High rising
Gentle slopes

126
Q

Why is **Alba ** an important gastronomic center?

A

White truffles

Hazelnut

Chocolate

127
Q

Climate in the Alba region

A

Moderate continental
Cold winters, warm dry summers (rainstorms, hail), foggy and mild autums which extends the grape rippenning as nebbiolo

Rain: 500-800 mm

128
Q

Soils in the Alba Region

A

They were generated by the retreat of Padano sea (15-16 mA) leaving deposits of clays, calcareous marls, sandstone and chalk

Langhe : terre bianche (calcereous marls, white soils, sandstones) 15 Ma

Roero : More modern 5 Ma SAnds, marine deposits

129
Q

Why Alba is the Ideal microclimate for vines?

A

. milder conditions than in the north
. soil composition
. south facing slopes
. moderate continental climate
. cool air from the alps
. warm wind frm the south

130
Q

Compared with the nebbiolo’s from Gattinara or Ghamme, how are the nebbiol’s from Alba?

A

bigger
fuller body
higher alcohol

131
Q

Training systems at Alba

A

Guyot training
Cordon prunning spur

132
Q

From where does the name Langhe comes?

A

From Tongues which is the shape of the hills separated by deep valleys

133
Q

Langhe hills is not the area in Italy with more % of vineyards

True or false

A

False

134
Q

How much is the average area of a property in Langhe hills?

A

2 has

135
Q

Which are the main grape varieties in Langhe hills?

A

Nebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto
Moscato

136
Q

Which are the secondary gra pe varieties in Langhe hills?

A

Pelaverga
Freisa
Favorita

137
Q

How can be divided the Langhe hills?

A

Alta Langha (nebbiolo)
________ Monforte d’Alba________
Bassa Langha (Dolcetto)

138
Q

Which is the climate moderator in Langhe hills?

A

The Tanaro river

139
Q

Which are the best sites for nebbiolo grape?

A

Middle south facing slopes

140
Q

Which site requires the dolcetto grape?

A

Top of the slopes since it is an early ripener and it needs cooler and higher places

141
Q

And the places to grow barbera?

A

Bottom of the valleys, east and west facing

142
Q

Which are the international varieties that can be included in Langhe DOC?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot

143
Q

What are the heights between the Barolo’s dsciplinare says that the vineyards must be?

A

170 msnm (most mid slopes)
540 msnm

144
Q

Brief history of Barolo

A

. Originally the Barolo was sweet

. Around 1800 the Marquise of Barolo, Giullia Falletti and Camillo Benso Coiunt of Cavour contracts the french oenologist Oudart to develop it.

. Around 1830-1840 Paolo Stagliano created the dry styled Barolo

. Giullia Faletti introduced to the aristochratic cyrcles of Torino

. The Savoy familiy bought stastes in Verdino and Serralunga de Alba

. The Barolo beomes the liquid ambassador of the house of Savoy king of the wines and wine of the king

145
Q

What is the surface of Barolo?

Where is located?

How many times does it include?

A

It is located at the NW of Langhe

In an area of 11 x 8 k

11 comunes

146
Q

Name the Barolo’s comunes

A

Barolo
Castiglione Falletto
Serralunga d’Alba
Monforte d’Alba
La Morra
Novello
Verdiuno
Grinzane Cavour
Diano d’Alba
Cherasco
Roddi

147
Q

If the think on the Barolo’s hills and the snow, where should be the best places to plant?

A

Those where the snwo melts first

148
Q

What is a Bricco in Barolo?

A

The highest part of the hill

149
Q

What does the term sori means in Barolo?

A

The sunniest site

150
Q

Bricco’s in Barolo

A

Barolo
Barbaresco
Langhe
Roero

151
Q

What kind of soils can we find in Barolo?

A

Tortonian(younger)
In western Barolo and some part of the East
Calcareous Marls, morte fertile and pore compact

Serravillan (older)
Sandstones, les compact, less fertile

152
Q

Which are the characteristics of the Barolo’s coming from Tortonian soils compared to the serravillan ones?

A

Perfumed
Elegant
Fruiter
Softer
Reach more rapidly the maturity

153
Q

Name the villages in Barolo where we can find tortonian soils

A

Barolo and La Morra

154
Q

Which are the characteristics of the Barolo’s coming from serravillian soils compared to the tortonian ones?

A

More power
Depth
Fuller
Robust
Need more time to mature

155
Q

Name the villages in Barolo where serravillian soils can be found

A

Montforte d’Alba
Serralunga d’Alba
Castiglione Falletto

156
Q

In the old times, the commercianti made what with Barolo wines?
After what year everything changed ?
What was the final cration of this movement

A

They used to blend wines from different Barolo’s vienyards

After the ‘70’s started the state bottling and rose the concept of unique profile.

The last consequence of this movement was the creation of the Menzione Geografiche Aggiuntiuve MGA where the fruit comes from a certain stated designation

157
Q

From the Menzione Geografiche Aggiuntive, how many are geographical designations and how many are comunal designations?

A

181 geographical designations

11 comunal designations

158
Q

Name some of the best known MGA at Barolo

A

Brunate
Bussia
Cannubi
Cerequio
Francia
Ginestra
Monprivato
Roche dell’Annunciata
Roche di Castiglione
Sarmassa
Vigna Rionda
Villero

159
Q

What can be mentioned between the vinfication methods until 1970 and after 1970?

A

Until 1970
Long macerations (1 or 2 months) that sometimed produced the lost of varietal characters.
Aging in large neutral slavonian oaks or bohl (chestnut casks)
Austere and tannic
Need additional bottle aging

After 1970
Fruiter
More concetration
More temperature control
Less oak print
Small oak barriques
Poor development in bottle
Known as Barolo’s boys

160
Q

Barolo’s descirptors

A

Aspect
Never deep in colour, light ruby which goes to garnet and brick orange with time

Nose
Flowers as rose and violet, red fresh berries, tar (alquitran) , earth
with time: dried fruit, dried flowers, spices (nutmeg, cinnamon)mint, leather, tobacco, meaty, liquorice, withe truffle

Mouth
Dense texture, concetration, acid tannin core

Enormous Benefits with bottle aging

161
Q

Aging requirements of Barolo

A

38 months (18 months oak) 3818

Ris
62 months (18 months oak)

162
Q

What is a Barolo Chinato?

A

It is an aromairzed and fortified drink where the base wine is a Barolo with quinine, aromatic herbs, spices.

It is a digestif that pais with chocolate

163
Q

Does the barolo chinato enters inside the Barolo DOCG appellation?

A

Yes it does.

164
Q

Comment some differences between Barolo and Barbaresco

A

Barbaresco is a more feminine wine
Barbaresco is lighter and less structured.

165
Q

Some history about Barbaresco DOCG

A

Before 1890 the graps from Barbaresco were used for Barolo

En 1894 Domizio Cavazza (director of enologiy at Alba) acquired the Castle of Barbaresco and started a cooperative

1950 1960 Gaja and Giacosa start promoting

166
Q

Altitude of production of Barbaresco DOCG

A

150 - 350 msnm

167
Q

Geographical location of Barbaresco DOCG

A

At the right bank of Tanaro (closer to the Tanaro than Barolo)
At the NE of Alba

168
Q

Name the comunes around Barbaresco DOCG

A

Barbaresco most of production
Neive more dolcetto and moscato bianco
Treiso cooler mesoclimate**
San rocco Sena d’elbio

169
Q

Which are the most common Barbaresco soils?

A

Tortonian
(Calcareous marls and layers of sand)

170
Q

What is the minumum alcohol content of Barbartesco DOCG

A

12.5 to 13 ABV

171
Q

Aging requeriments of Barbaresco

A

26 months (9 in oak) 269
Riserva 50 months (9 in oak) 509

172
Q

Barbaresco descriptors

A

lighter and less structures than Barolo

173
Q

Which Barolo could be compared to a lighter Barbaresco?

A

La Morra

174
Q

When was introduced the concept of single vineyard in Barbaresco?

How many MGA are in Barbaresco?

A

1980

66

175
Q

Name some important MGA in Barbaresco

A

Asili
Basarin
Gallina
Martinenga
Montefisco
Montestefanoi
Ovello
Pajaré
Pora
Rabaja

176
Q

How was the traditional Barbaresco winemaking produced?

A

Longs macerations
Extended aging in neutral Casks

177
Q

How is the new winemaking procedures in Barbaresco?

A

Gaja
Shorter amcerations
Shorter aging in new french oak barrels

178
Q

Is the Nebbiolo d’Alba a fallback classification?

A

No

179
Q

Can the Nebbiolo d’Alba have a % of other grapes?

A

No. It must be 100% Nebbiolo

180
Q

What does happen if Nebbiolo d’Alb has to declassify?

A

It goes to Langhe Nebbiolo DOC

181
Q

Aging requirements of a Langhe Nebbiolo DOC

A

12 months
18 months (superiore)

182
Q

Does the Nebbiolo d’Alba allows a Spumante version?

A

Yes.
Red or rosé.

183
Q

Can we say that the Nebbiolo d’Alba is an approachable version of Nebbiolo?

A

Yes

184
Q

Which notes gives the Nebbiolo d’Alba?

A

Flowers
Fruits
A Tary note

185
Q

Which are the variety regulations for Alba DOC

A

70 - 85% Nebbiolo
15 - 20 % Barbera

186
Q

Why is the dolcetto grape so valuated in Piemonte?

A

Because its early ripening and easy drinking and the no-need of prolonged maturation.

It is first served in traditional albanese meals

187
Q

Which are the notes of the dolcetto?

A

Ripe black fruit
liquorice
Moderate acidity
Full body
Bitter sweet finesse

188
Q

Dogliani is know as …. ?

A

The capital of the Dolcetto

189
Q

How was known before the Dogliani DOCG?

A

Dolcetto di Dogliani DOCG

190
Q

Does Dogliani DOCG accept any % of other grape?

A

No. It must be 100% Dolcetto

191
Q

Can we consider Dogliani DOCG a link between which Langhe regions?

A

Lower Langhe (Bassa- Langa) Barolo and Barbaresco

Higher Langa (Alta- Langa)
Hazelnut and Sheep

192
Q

Is there any Dogliani superiore DOCG?

A

Yes.
And it has lower yields and higher alcohol.

193
Q

Notes of of the DOGLIANI DOCG

A

Purple colour
Flowers
Black fruit
Moderated acidity
Tannic
Bitter finish

194
Q

Where is the Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOC located and which are its characterisitics?

And the grape characteristics?

A

It is on a small hilltop at the south of Alba.

It is 1005 dolcetto

Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba is a consorzio of 76 sites or söri that in 2010 became 76 MGA

Fruiter and more fragant
Less structured
Lower alcohol

195
Q

Which appellation is the best known and most important producer of the dolcetto grape?

A

Dolcetto d’Alba

196
Q

Where is located the Dolcetto d’Alba appellation?

A

Hilly area on the right bank of Tanaro river and lower Langhe

197
Q

How are the soils of the Dolcetto d’Alba DOC?

A

Typical of the Lower Langhe

Calcareous marls
Sandstones
Sands

Marginal areas that takes the marginal sites where Barolo and barbaresco does not rip well

198
Q

Where does the Barbera d’Alba DOC grows?

Where is the Barbera planted ?

In which columns is based the Barbera d’Alba DOC appletation?

A

Right and lower Langhe
Left Hills of Roero (more approachable)

Where the nebbiolo does not ripe

Besed upon:
. **Lower Yields*
. Oak aging
. harvested at peak ripeness

199
Q

According to the Barbera d’Alba disciplinare, how is the variety content ?

A

85% Barbera
up to 15% of Nebbiolo

200
Q

How long is the minimum aging requieriments for the Barbera d’Alba DOC Superiore?

A

12 months
(8 in oak)

201
Q

Barbera d’Alba DOC appelation has short, medium or long term aging potential?

A

Medium term

202
Q

Basic descriptors of the Barbera d’Alba DOC?

A

Deep purple
Earthy
Intense Red Fruit

203
Q

Which descriptors can we find in an aged in bottle Barbera d’Alba?

A

Earth

Leather

Tobacco

204
Q
A
204
Q

Ironically, where does the best Barbera d’Alba come from?

A

From Barolo and Barbaresco

205
Q

Which is one of the more flexible appellationd of the Alba region?

How many comunes does it include?

A

Langhe DOC

90 comunes

206
Q

Which was the reason because the Langhe DOC was created?

A

. To ““allow blend”” of different varieties of Langhe and Roero

. To permit internation varieties

207
Q

How much of one variety must have a wine in Langhe DOC to be considered a varietal?

A

85%

208
Q

Name some of the native varieties of Langhe DOC

A

Nebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto
Arneis
Favorita
Freisa
Nascetta

209
Q

Name some of the international varieties of Langhe DOC

A

Chardonnay
Riesling
Sauvignon blanc
Cabernet sauvignon
Merlot
Pinot Nero

210
Q

Which styles are produced in the Langhe Nebbiolo DOC appelation?

A

Red
Whites
Rosato
Passito

211
Q

Why for the Barolo and Barbaresco use the Langhe Nebbiolo DOC?

How long is the oak aging?

And the varietal content?

A

To release nebbiolo’s wines with less aging

12 months (18 months minumum in Barolo)

212
Q

Name the most relevant subzone (comune) inside Langhe Nebbiolo DOC

A

Comune di Novello
Made with Nascetta grape
Sage, Rosemary

213
Q

Short description of the Verduno di Pelaverga DOC

A

Focused on the red vareity Pelaverga Piccolo (min 80%)
Refreshing acidity floral/red fruits
Spicy green white pepper.

214
Q

Notes on Alta Langha DOCG

A

High quality sparklings made with metodo classico

Pinot nero and Chardonnay

30 months on lees
36 months riserva

215
Q

Description of the Roero Hills
. Origin of the Name
. Hilly region or plain region
. Location

A

The name is due to the Roero familiy from the middle ages

Roero is a hilly region, lower than Langhe but more steeped

Roero is located to the north of Slbs and left bank of the Tanaro

216
Q

Generally speaking which origin have the soils in Roero?

Allowed heights

A

Marine origin, sand, sandstone and marls

450 to 700 msnm

217
Q

Inside which DOC’s is Roero included?

A

Barbera d’Alba DOC
Nebbiolo d’Alba DOC
Langhe DOC
Alba DOC

Some nebbiolo producers which used to bottle their Nebbiolos as Nebbiolo d’Alba DOC, they do today as Roero DOCG

218
Q

Description of the Roero DOCG
When it did become DOC
When it did become DOCG
How many MGA it accounts with

A

Arneis: Roero Arneis DOCG
Nebbiolo : Roero DOCG (min 95% Nebbiolo)
DOC in 1985
DOCG in 2004
153 MGA

219
Q

Aging requieriments of Roero DOCG nebbiolo’s

A

20 months aging
6 months in oak
206

Riserva
32 months aging
6 months oak
326

220
Q

Where does the nebbiolo grow best in Roero DOCG

A

South facing slopes.
Poor sandy soils

221
Q

How is a Roero DOCG nebbiolo´s compared with the the finesse and perfume of Barolo and Barbaresco ones**

A

Early maturer
Less tannic
Lighter
Softer

222
Q

Description of the Roero Arneis DOCG
Style
Arneis content
Aromas

A

White and dry
95% Arneis grapes
Full body
White flowers, pear, apple and almonds

223
Q

General description of the Montferrato Region

What is it¨?
Division

A

Hilly area at south of Piemonte

Basso Montferrato or Montferrato Cassalese (north low hills)
Monferrato Astigiano (rolling hills)
Alto Monteferrato (southern ligurian appenines)

224
Q

Climate in the Montferrato region

A

Continental climate
Hot summers cold winters
800 mm

225
Q

15 to 16 Millon years beforem the retreat of the Padamo sea left 3 (three) types of soils in Piemonte.

Describe these types as well as the region where they can be found

A

TERRE BIANCHE : sand, sandstone, calcareous marls, all alternating with lyers of calcium carbonate In Montferrato Astigiano, Alto Montferrato and Basso Montferrato

SABBIE ASTIANE: High sand content, low water carrying to stress.
In Montferrato Astigiano Centrale

TERRE ROSSE : high clay content with iron and magnesium

226
Q

What is an infiernotti

A

Undersground cellar carved into sandstone soils used to store the best bottles

227
Q

List the appellations of the Montferrato Astigiano

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG
Nizza DOCG
Ruché di Casiglioni Montferrato DOCG
Bracchetto D’Aqui DOCG
Asti DOCG
Moscato d’Asti DOCG
Moscato d’Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG
Asti Spumante DOCG
Freisa d’Asti DOC
Dolcetto d’Asti DOC
Grignolino d’Asti DIC
Malvasía di Casorzo DOC
Malvasía di Castelnuovo Don Bosco DOC
Terre Alfieri DOC
Cisterna d’Asti DOC
Calosso DOC
Loazzolo DOC
Albugnano DOC

228
Q

List the Appellations of the Alto and Basso Montferratto

A

Barbera del Montferratto DOC
Barbera del Montferratto Superiore DOCG
Dolcetto di Ovada
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG
Gavi DOCG
Colli tortonedi DOC
Grignolino del Montferrato Casalse DOC
Dolcetto d’Acqui DOC
Cortese dell’Alto Montferrato DOC
Strevi DOC
Rubino di Cantavenna DOC
Gabbiano DOC
Montferratto DOC
Piemonte DOC

229
Q

Which is the 2nd most sold appellation of all Piemnonte after Asti DOCG?

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

230
Q

Has the Barbera varieti prioriti in Montferrato or not?

A

Yes

231
Q

Which are the soils of Barbera d’Asti region?

Which is the height gap wehre Barbera d’Asti can be produced?

Which are the training methods

A

Sabbie Astiane and Terre Bianche

Between 150 and 400 msnm

Guyot and cordon

232
Q

Vinification in Barbera d’Asti DOCG

How much is the minumum of Barbera content required?
Aging for the wines adressed to eraly consumption
Where and how was the traditional **aging? Before “table wines
Aging requirement for superiore (characteristics)
how is the current modernaging?
Name some modern producers ho have changed the table wine profile of the Barbera d’Asti DOC

A

90% minumum content of Barbera grape
Early consumption : stainless steel
Traditional aging: large neutral oak casks
Modern aging small oak barrerls giving more tannins, more texture
Braida, Bersano, Scarpa

Aging : 4 months
Superiore : 14 months

233
Q

Organoleptic charactaristics of the Barbera d’Asti DOCG

A

Deep ruby, purple
Red berries
High acidity
Low to medium tannins
Ripe fruit
Spicy
Full bodied

234
Q

Name the 2 (two) subzones of the Barbera d’Asti Superiore DOCG

A

Tinella and Colli Astisani

235
Q

Nizza DOCG Description

A

100% Barbera
Previously it was a zone of Barbera d’Asti Superiore DOCG
Aging : 18 months
Riserva : 30 months 12 in oak

236
Q

Description on Ruché do Castiglione Montferratto DOCG

A

Made of lical and indigenous Ruché grape (up to 10% of Barbera.
Soils of Sabbie Astiane. Vines in the woods
Rose, perfume, spice tannins
Bitter finish

237
Q

Description of the Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG
GRape content
Main Style
Derived styles
DOC and DOCG certification years
Around which city it is located?
Creators
Content

A

95% brachetto
Sweet, aromatic sparkling red : ruby, redberry, rose
a.he best is still or slightly frizzy
b. Sparkling
c. Passito (less common) 5 -7 % ABV

1969 doc
1996 docg
Around the roman city of Acquiiterre
Created by Arturo Bersano with Martinotti method

238
Q

Notes on Freisa d’Asti DOC
Location
Base grape
Styles
DEscriptors

A

On all Asti province (all Montferratto Astigiano)
Freisa based
Styles
Still
Still superiore (1 year aging)
Frizzante (off-dry)
Spumante

Sweetness levels : dry, off-dry, medium sweet

Descriptors pale ruby red
high acidity and tannins, strawberry, respberry, rose and violets

239
Q

Characteristics of the Dolcetto d’Asti DOC
Location
% of Dolcetto
Size compared with tghe other Dolcetto Appelations from Piemonte
Is it the only dolcetto appellation in all Asti District?
Ageable or ready to drink?
The superiore, how long is aged?
Notes

A

100% of dolcetto
South of Montferrato
Smallest
The only dolcetto appellation in Asti District
Generally ready to drink
Superiore can age 12 months
Red cherried, bitter almond finish

240
Q

Notes on Malvasía di Casorzo d’Asti DOC
Composition
Styles
Notes
I

A

Sweet red
90% Malvasía nera
10% Freisa, Grignolino, Barbera
Still drym spumante and passito
pale ruby, roses, red fruits

241
Q

Descritpion of Grignolino d’Asti DOC
Dolcetto is for Langhe what Grignolino is for….? Why?
Minmum grignolino %
Notes

A

Montferrato (since both are light, easy drinking for everyday, young, chill seerved)
Must have min 90% grignolino (10% freisa)
Very palle, floral, criusp, frutal, sry, light body, acidic, medium alcohol

242
Q

Description of Asti DOCG
General Characteristics
How much does it produce?
Which 2 DOCG does it have?

A

Aromatic sweet wines made od moscato bianco grape
50 millon of bottles per year (largest in Piemonte)
ASTI DOCG
Moscato d’Asti DOCG

243
Q

Where is the production zone of Asti DOCG

A

S and SE of Asti.
right bank of the Tanaro River

244
Q

How much do Canello and Asti coincetrate of the production of ASTI DOCG?

A

80%

245
Q

How are the soils of Asti DOCG?

A

Terre bianche
Calcareous
The best for Moscato bianco

246
Q

Asi DOCG overlapps which regions?

A

Barolo
Serralunga d’Alba
Barolo

247
Q

Which are the altitudes permitted by the Asti DOCG disciplinare ?
And the training system? Harvest?

A

Hillsides 200 . 500 msnm
Guyot
Hand picked

248
Q

Asti DOCG
Asti Spumante DOCG
Moscato d’Asti DOCG
Moscato d’Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG

Are dominated by artisan or by consorzios and cooperatives

A

By consorzios and cooperatives

249
Q

Which are the cork requeriments for
ASTI Spumante DOCG
Moscato d’Asti DOCG

A

**Asti Spumante DOCG : **
mushroom cork not aged

Moscato d’Asti DOCG:
standard cork year indicated

250
Q

Brief history of the **Asti spumante DOCG **

A

1848: Carlo García travels to Reims with the idea to make a Moscato Champagne through the traditional method but based on Moscato Bianco Grapes
1930 Asti spumente is createdThey start doing it with the Martinotti method since it is cheaper, avoid leed aromas.

251
Q

Organoleptic characteristics of the Asti spumante

A

Pale colour
Dense mousse
Sweet
Medium acidity
Orange blossom
Rose, acacia
Honey
7% ABV

252
Q

I Asti Method
It is better for which grapes?
How it is?

A

Better for aromatic grapes
Single fermentation is stopped and restarted at certain points of the process

253
Q

Is the Asti spumante conceived for aging?

A

No.
It must be consumend young
Because it has Gerianol, bad for aging

254
Q

Alcohol contant and pressure of the Asti spumante

A

7 to 9.5%
5 to 6 atm

255
Q

Is any Asti spumante made by the traditional method?

A

Yes

256
Q

Since which yearthere are some dry Asti spumante?

A

2017

257
Q

Definition of Moscato d’Asti DOCG
Vinification method

A

Refined sweet wine
Stopped single fermentation by Chilling
5 to 5.5 % ABV

258
Q

Organoleptics of Moscato d’Asti DOCG

A

Peach
Apricot
Refined orange blossom
Citrus
Wisteria (glicina)

259
Q

Differences between Asti Spumante and Moscato d’Asti DOCG

A

Moscato has:

More finesse
Aromas more pronounced
Lower alcohol (Asti 7% moscato 5%)
Less parkling 2.5 atm compared to the 5-6 at

260
Q

Name the most important Moscato d’Asti DOCG subzones

A

Conelli

Santa Vitoria d’Alba

Strevi

261
Q

Description of the Moscato d’Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG

A

Is is obtained by dry partially the grape after harvest
1 year minimum aging

262
Q

Description of Terre Alfieri DOCG

A

It is between the Tanaro river and the Alfieri hills
Thre is a :
Terre Alfieri Nebbiolo DOC
Terre Alfieri Arneis DOC

263
Q

What is the Cisterna d’
Asti DOC?

A

A light red wine based on a 80% of Croatina

264
Q

Short description of Colosso DOC

A

Red wine made of Gambarossa grape
Is has riserva and passito (passará)

265
Q

Descrption of Loazzolo DOC

A

Steep slopes on right bank of the Tanaro
Famous for its passito wines made with moscato bianco grapes bt appassimento méthod

It can be ripe, overripe, air dried of with botrytis

6 months on oak barrels aging

266
Q

Short notes on
Malvasía di Castelnovo Don Bosco DOC and
Albugnano DOC

A

Malvasía di Castelnovo Don Bosco DOC (between Torino and Asti)
Red wines made of Malvasía di Schierano and Malvasía Nera Lunga
Albugnano DOC (NW of Asti)
Nebbiolo based reds (still, superiore, rosato)

267
Q

Where can we found the Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG?
Places?
Soils¨?
Training?
Altitude gap?

in the more proocutive ranking?

A

In all the Asti province and part of Aleesandria.
Alto and Basso Montferrato
Casale Montferrato and Vignale Montferrat
Planted on low hills - 150-400 msnm
Soils: calcareous marls, sandstone, sand, clay
Together they are the 3rd Brbera appellation in Piemonte

268
Q

Differences between the DOC and the DOCG?

A

DOC : still and frizzante
DOCG : superiore still red

269
Q

Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG share same area with ?

A

Barbera d’Asti

270
Q

How much of barbera need the Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG?

A

Min 85%
15% (freisa, grignolino, dolcetto)

271
Q

Characteristics of Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG comapred to the Barbera del Montferrato DOC

A

Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG
Lower yields More elegant
higher alcohol structured
higher extract levels velvet tannins
Min 14 months (6 oak) red fruits flowers

Barbera del Montferratto DOC
ligher staight forward
Everyday refreshing acidity
Sour red fruit
No aging requeriment

272
Q

Notes on Dolcetto di Ovada DOC and Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG
Where are they located? How are those hills/soils?
Ranking amongst Dolcetto producers?

A

Aronud of Ovada (west of Gavi)
3rd amongst Dolcetto producers
Arid hills, poor soils

273
Q

Description of Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG

A

light, simple, early consumption
100% dolcetto
Aging 12 months
Single vineyards: 20 months
Riserva: 24 months

274
Q

Description Dolcetto di Ovada DOC

A

earthy, deep, complex
up to 3% of other varieties
no aging requeriment

275
Q

Brief history of Gavi DOCG

A

972 AD first chronicles
XVII first documents on Cortese grapes
XX More people planted cortese
1980 Low Quality Hugh Yields High acidic
1990 REcovered
1998 DOCG

276
Q

Which kind of geography does the cortese grape like?
Geographical location of GAVI DOCG
Altitude gap

A

Hills and valleys
SW of Alto Montferrato, Ligurian Apenines
150-450 msnm

277
Q

Soils of GAVI DOCG
Climate of GAVI DOCG

A

Terre bianche and Terre Rosse
Climate moderate continental (cold winters / warm summers.

Cooler years:m lean and austere
Warm years: goo body

278
Q

In Gavi DOCG in case of low sugar levels, can they enroch the must?
With what?

A

Yes
With MCR

279
Q

How many MGA can we find in GAVI DOCG?
Which are the 2 best?

A

18 MGA
The best are Tassarolo and Gavi

280
Q

GAVI DOCG styles

A

GAVI DOCG : 100% cortese
GAVI RISERVA: 1 year (6 months in bottle)
GAVI FRIZZANTE: riserva sparkling

Best for young and fresh consumption

281
Q

GAVI DOCG organoleptics

A

Crispy acidity
Fresh citrus
Almond notes
Moderate alcohol
Underpinning minerality

282
Q

Geographical location of Colli Tortonesi DOC
Relief
Best known varieties

A

Around Tortona
SE corner of Piemonte between Alto Montferrato ans Oltrepo’Pavese
Gentle low hills
Barbera, dolcetto and Cortese

283
Q

Styles in Colli Tortonesi DOC

A

Rosso Bianco Frizzante Spumante Single vineyard

284
Q

Zones inside Colli Tortonesi DOC

A

(North) Monleale barbera based - min 20 months 6 in oak

(South) Terre di Libarna timorasso based. Can de labelled as DERTHONA

285
Q

Notes on Girgnolino del Montferrato Casalese DOC

A

90% grignolino
10% freisa

Pale ruby Tannins high acidity

286
Q

Description on Dolcetto d’Aqui DOC

A

100 % docletto
light, soft, easy drinking
Aroun Acquitherme on white calcareous marls

287
Q

Notes on Cortese dell’Alto Montferrato DOC

A

85% Cortese

288
Q

Which is the most common style in Strevi DOC?

A

Passito made with Moscato Bianco

289
Q

Which grapes has a typical Rubino di Cantavenna DOC

And a Gabbiano DOC?

A

75-90% Barbera
25% freisa and grignolino

90% Barbera
5 - 10% Freisa

290
Q

Description of the Montferrato DOC
Foundation year
For which grapes?
Name a typical light wine

A

1994
A large subregional appellation
Both Native (docletto, nebbiolo, freisa, barbera, cortese and favorita) and International (cabernet sauvignon, merlot, pinot nero, chardonnya and sauvignon blanc)
It is a fallback appellation
The CHIARETTO

291
Q

Description of the Piemonte DOC
Foundation

A

1994
Borad fallback appellation
Flexible, national and international

292
Q

What is the name Vigneti di Montagna

A

It is a specific designation of the wines inside Piemonte DOC for wines made at a minumum height of 500 msnm with a slope of min 30%

Wine Scholar Guild italian (7 decks)

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