Pig Anatomy

Question 1

the immovable, fibrous joints between the skull bones

Answer 1

Sutures of the skull

Question 2

the cartilaginous joint joining the
right and left mandibular bodies.

Answer 2

symphysis of the mandible

Question 3

the synovial articulations
between the bones of the hyoid apparatus and between the
thyrohyoid bone and the cranial cornu of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 3

joints of hyoid apparatus

Question 4

a condylar joint between the
condyles of the mandible and the mandibular fossae of the
temporal bones.

Answer 4

temporomandibular joint

Question 5

or tarsal joint; a compound hinge type of synovial joint. It is a composite joint articulation like the carpal joint, allowing flexion and extension.

Answer 5

Hock Joint

Question 6

What are the three separate articulation of hock joints?

Answer 6

tibiatarsal joint, intertarsal joint, tarsometatarsal joint

Question 7

between the lateral condyle of the ulna and the head of
the fibula

Answer 7

tibiofibular

Question 8

How many patellar ligament do pigs have?

Answer 8

Only one.

Question 9

the articulation between the patella and trochlea of the femur. It has a spacious joint capsule.

Answer 9

femoropatellar joint

Question 10

the articulation between the femoral condyles and tibia (and the interposed menisci)

Answer 10

femorotibial joint

Question 11

or genual articulation. The compound
joint between the femur and patella and the femur and
tibia. It is a condylar joint which acts like a hinge joint
with a little rotation.

Answer 11

stifle joint

Question 12

or coxofemoral articulation. The
ball-and-socket type of synovial joint
between the head of the femur and the
acetabulum of the hip bone.

Answer 12

hip joint

Question 13

The relatively
immovable articulation between the wings
of the sacrum and ilium.

Answer 13

sacro-iliac joint

Question 14

the articulations between the
metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges, including the
palmar sesamoid bones. It is a modified hinge joint allowing
extension and flexion

Answer 14

metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 15

a saddle type of synovial joint
between the proximal and middle phalanges

Answer 15

proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 16

the saddle type of synovial joint
between the middle and distal phalanges

Answer 16

distal interphalangeal joint

Question 17

medial and lateral collateral ligaments stabilize the
sides of all metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints

Answer 17

ligaments

Question 18

articulations
between the proximal ends of the
metacarpal bones.

Answer 18

intermetacarpal joints

Question 19

between the distal radius and ulna and
the proximal row of carpal bones. There is a lot of movement in this
joint.

Answer 19

antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 20

between the two rows of carpal bones. It communicates with the carpometacarpal joint. Although less than the antebrachiocarpal joint, it also has a lot of movement.

Answer 20

middle carpal joint

Question 21

between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones. It communicates with the middle
carpal joint. There is very little movement in this joint.

Answer 21

carpometacarpal joint

Question 22

plane joints between the individual carpal
bones

Answer 22

intercarpal joints

Question 23

a hinge type of synovial joint, allowing flexion and extension with some lateral movement. It
consists of three main joints – antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal and carpometacarpal.

Answer 23

carpal joints

Question 24

between the distal radius and
ulna. It is part of the antebrachiocarpal joint with
which it shares a joint capsule

Answer 24

distal radioulnar joint

Question 25

Is a hinge (ginglymus) type of synovial joint allowing flexion and extension. It is also a compound joint formed between the humerus, the radius, and the ulna.

Answer 25

elbow joint

Question 26

a ball-and-socket (spheroid) type synovial joint between the glenoid cavity and the humeral head. It has a loose joint capsule with non true collateral ligaments.

Answer 26

Shoulder Joint, Glenohumeral or scapulohumeral joint

Question 27

What are the movements of joints?

Answer 27

❖ FLEXION ❖ EXTENSION ❖ DORSAL AND VENTRAL FLEXION ❖ ABDUCTION ❖ ADDUCTION ❖ CIRCUMDUCTION ❖ ROTATION ❖ UNIVERSAL

Question 28

the contraction of muscles crossing a joint and the shape of the joint produce its characteristic movements

Answer 28

Classification by movement of joints

Question 29

Plane Joint

Answer 29

Arthrodial

Question 30

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 30

Spheroidal

Question 31

Hinge Joint

Answer 31

Ginglymus

Question 32

pivot joint

Answer 32

trochoid

Question 33

articulations with two articulating bones

Answer 33

simple joints

Question 34

articulations with more than two bones articulating (e.g. stifle)

Answer 34

compound joints

Question 35

What are the three classification of synovial joints?

Answer 35

1. Number of articular surfaces 2. Shape of articular surfaces 3. Particular function of the joint

Question 36

a structure similar to a bursa that wraps completely around a tendon. It reduces friction between the tendon and underlying bones

Answer 36

Synovial Sheath

Question 37

sac containing lubricating fluid but in pigs the term is often used to describe a fibrous lump beneath the kin covering bony prominences, caused by constant pressure

Answer 37

bursa

Question 38

a plate of fibrocartilage partially or completely dividing a joint cavity. It functions to allow a greater variety of motion and alleviate concussion

Answer 38

meniscus or disc

Question 39

a unique feature of synovial joint. It is little more than a potential space containing a trace of synovial fluid.

Answer 39

joint cavity

Question 40

What is extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 40

ligaments developing outside of or as part of the joint capsule

Question 41

located within the joint capsule

Answer 41

intracapsular ligaments

Question 42

strong bands of white fibrous connective tissue uniting bones. They function to keep joint surfaces in apposition and still allow movement. They are usually inelastic

Answer 42

ligaments

Question 43

the translucent, bluish-tinged cartilage, usually hyaline, covering the articular ends of bones. It reduces the effects of concussion and friction by its compressibility, elasticity and smoothness

Answer 43

articular cartilage

Question 44

the viscous liquid produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint, supply nutrients, remove waste from the hyaline articular cartilage. It has the consistency of raw egg white.

Answer 44

synovial fluid

Question 45

the inner lining of the fibrous layer. It is highly vascular, nerve-rich, and produces synovial fluid

Answer 45

synovial membrane

Question 46

the white and yellow elastic fibrous part of the joint capsule. It attaches to the periosteum on or near the margin of the articular cartilage. Its thickness varies from joint to joint and within each joint.

Answer 46

fibrous layer

Question 47

the two-layered structure surrounding the joint, made of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane

Answer 47

joint capsule

Question 48

what are the features of diarthroses?

Answer 48

a joint cavity mobility articular cartilage synovial membrane fibrous capsule

Question 49

the fibrocartilaginous (or possibly hyaline cartilaginous) joints that occur on the midline of the body. Although they may or may not ossify with age, they always limit the motion of the joint.

Answer 49

symphysis

Question 50

a fibrous joint uniting two bones by a sheet of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 50

ligamentous joint or syndesmosis

Question 51

a joint connected by either connective tissue or fibrocartilage

Answer 51

slightly movable joint or amphiarthrosis

Question 52

The fixed tight union allowing little or no movement and having great strength.

Answer 52

Immovable Joints or Synarthrosis

Question 53

a fibrous joint between the skull bones. They may ossify with age.

Answer 53

Suture

Question 54

parieto-temporal joints

Answer 54

Squamous (edges overlap)

Question 55

frontal joint

Answer 55

Serrated (edges are irregular)

Question 56

nasal joint

Answer 56

Harmonious (edges are straight)

Question 57

articulation united by fibrous tissue, allowing little or no movement, as in suture or syndesmosis. These are often temporary joints that later ossify (synostosis).

Answer 57

fibrous joint

Question 58

articulation united by fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, or both, as in a synchondrosis or a symphysis. These also can be slightly movable or immovable.

Answer 58

cartilaginous joint

Question 59

bones surrounding the brain forming the cranial cavity.

Answer 59

Cranium

Question 60

paired frontal and parietal bones in the most domestic species

Answer 60

roof of the cranium

Question 61

caudal aspect of the skull formed by the occipital bone

Answer 61

occipital region

Question 62

lateral walls of the cranium formed by the temporal bones

Answer 62

temporal region

Question 63

ventral aspect of the cranium formed primarily by the unpaired sphenoid bone

Answer 63

floor of the cranium

Question 64

rostral aspect of the cranium formed by the unpaired ethmoid bone

Answer 64

rostral wall of the cranium

Question 65

together with the frontal bone forms the roof of the cranial cavity in all domestic animals, except the ox and pig

Answer 65

parietal bone

Question 66

rostral part of the roof of the cranial cavity in most domestic species. In the ox and pig, it forms the entire roof

Answer 66

frontal bone

Question 67

bones of oral region?

Answer 67

incisive, maxillary, palatine and the mandible surrounding the oral cavity

Question 68

bones of nasal region?

Answer 68

nasal, maxillary, palatine and incisive bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Question 69

bony socket holding the eye formed by portions of the frontal, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid, and zygomatic bones

Answer 69

orbital region

Question 70

along with the cranial part of the frontal bone form the osseous roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 70

nasal bones

Question 71

lateral part of the face and the part of the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth

Answer 71

maxillary or maxilla

Question 72

rostral bone holding the upper incisors (front teeth)

Answer 72

incisive bone

Question 73

forms the hard palate, along with the maxillary and incisive bones

Answer 73

palatine

Question 74

cranial part of the zygomatic arch

Answer 74

zygomatic bone or malar bone

Question 75

the medial surface of the orbit

Answer 75

lacrimal bone

Question 76

a scroll of bone located in the nasal cavity

Answer 76

ventral nasal concha

Question 77

small, paired bones in the caudal part of the nasopharynx

Answer 77

pterygoid bones

Question 78

unpaired bone forming part of the osseous nasal septum

Answer 78

vomer

Question 79

the large bone articulating with the skull that supports all the lower teeth

Answer 79

mandible

Question 80

It is found only in the horse and cats. In other species like the pig, it is present in the fetus but then fuses with surrounding bones before birth.

Answer 80

interparietal bones

Question 81

unique bone found in the nose of the pig

Answer 81

rostral bone

Question 82

bony socket holding the eye

Answer 82

orbit

Question 83

depression in the medial margins of the orbit. It collects tears and sends them through the lacrimal canal which opens into the nasal cavity.

Answer 83

lacrimal fossa

Question 84

the rostral opening of the infraorbital canal, located in the maxillary bone

Answer 84

infraorbital foramen

Question 85

the paired structures lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra

Answer 85

occipital condyles

Question 86

ventral projection near the occipital condyles

Answer 86

paracondylar process

Question 87

the large opening caudal to the zygomatic arch where the external ear attaches

Answer 87

external acoustic meatus

Question 88

located caudal to the external acoustic meatus. It is an attachment site for muscles

Answer 88

mastoid process

Question 89

the caudal process of the occipital bone

Answer 89

external occipital protuberance

Question 90

the transverse ridge at the transition from the dorsal to the caudal (nuchal) surfaces of the skull

Answer 90

nuchal crest

Question 91

the depression formed by the temporal and parietal bones

Answer 91

temporal fossa

Question 92

the rostral bony opening into the nasal cavity

Answer 92

nasal aperture

Question 93

extends rostrally from the external occipital protuberance on the midline (absent ruminants).

Answer 93

median sagittal crest

Question 94

the large opening into the cranial cavity for continuity of the spinal cord and brain

Answer 94

foramen magnum

Question 95

the smooth bulbous enlargement on the ventral side of the temporal bone housing the middle ear

Answer 95

tympanic bulla

Question 96

the area on the zygomatic arch for articulation with the articular process (condyle) of the mandible

Answer 96

mandibular fossa

Question 97

the passageway for the optic nerve from the eyeball to the brain. It is rostral to many other foramina that allow passage of other cranial nerves.

Answer 97

optic canal

Question 98

the two bony openings at the caudal end of the hard palate, leading from the nasal cavity into the pharynx

Answer 98

choanae or caudal nares

Question 99

the horizontal parts of the incisive, palatine and the maxillary bones, separating the nasal and oral cavities

Answer 99

hard palate

Question 100

found in ruminants and pigs, is the joining of the round and orbital foramina of other species

Answer 100

foramen orbitorotundum

Question 101

flat bone forming the skeleton of the shoulder

Answer 101

scapula

Question 102

longbone forming the skeleton of the upper arm or brachium

Answer 102

humerus

Question 103

two long bones w/c together form the skeleton of the forearm

Answer 103

radius and ulna

Question 104

The skeleton of the manus consist of?

Answer 104

carpus, metacarpus, digits

Question 105

a long bone, which forms the skeletal of the thigh

Answer 105

femur

Question 106

long bones which form the skeleton of the leg, in pigs they are not fused

Answer 106

tibia and fibula

Question 107

large sesamoid which develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

Answer 107

patella

Question 108

skeleton of the pes consist of

Answer 108

tarsus, metatarsus, digits

Question 109

skeleton of the pes consist of

Answer 109

* Tibial tarsal * Fibular tarsal *Central tarsal * Tarsals 1,2,3 and 4

Question 110

It is largest bone of the face. It carries the lower teeth. It articulates with the squamous temporal bone on either side by condyles

Answer 110

mandible

Question 111

situated between the vertical parts of the rami of the mandibles. It is attached on the either side to the styloid process of the petrous temporal bone by rods of cartilage

Answer 111

hyoid

Question 112

What are the three structures that hyoid supports?

Answer 112

root of the tongue, pharynx, larynx,