Pig Diseases Flashcards
(54 cards)
HIGH morbidity, LOW mortality – concurrent illness exacerbates disease ▪ Uncomplicated infection: short course, low mortality
o Lethargy, resp illness, high fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge o IMPORTANT: dz in pigs/waterfowl can mutate – be major zoonotic problem
Swine Influenza
ALL age groups – nearly 100% mortality in piglets <1wk old
No other dz spreads so rapidly or causes such high mortality – seldom die if >1month
Watery diarrhea, vomiting, wet/dirty appearance to litter from profuse diarrhea
Tx: symptomatic
Prevention: feed feces and intestinal contents from infected piglets to sows who are >14 days from farrowing
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea and Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) – coronavirus
Piglets <4 weeks old o Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) and encephalitic forms
Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (HEV)
STILLBORN PIGS – most common cause o 3 overlapping syndromes – affects ALL ages
▪ Repro impairment/failure – abortions, mummies, stillbirths, early embryonic death ▪ Resp Disease – wean pigs get cough (thumps), purple ear tips from vasculitis
● Nursery pigs – interstitial pneumonia ▪ High pre-weaning mortality – diarrhea, recurrent fevers
Tx: NONE – may have to depopulate or close herd and follow titers
Prevention: vaccine
PRRS – Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome – arterivirus
5 days old – often in association w/ E. coli
Rotavirus
Aka blue eye paramyxovirus
Blueye – tublavirus
REPORTABLE – US is currently free of this
Closely related to pestivirus – BVD, border disease virus o Virus affects stem cells in bone marrow neutropenia, thrombocytopenia – become immune suppressed and
susceptible to enteric bacterial infections
Oral ulceration, vomit, diarrhea, oral petechiation, paresis/paralysis, fever, shivering, conjunctivitis
Can cross placenta – repro failure – severe systemic infection and abortion
Hog Cholera – togavirus (Classical Swine Fever)
Fever, inappetence, hemorrhage of ear skin, acute death
DDx: classical swine fever, erysipelas
45
carried by warthogs, transmitted by soft ticks
Necropsy: petechial hemorrhages on internal organs
African Swine Fever
Swine and sea lions/seals/marine mammals o Sea lions off coast of CA – not present in US pigs o REPORTABLE
Vesicular Exanthema – calicivirus (aka San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions)
PIG – primary host
▪ Erradicated from pigs in US, can devastate non-immune herd ▪ Resp, repro, CNS (not GI) – clinical signs depend on age group
● Young neonates <3wks: NEURO, CNS signs, tremors, incoordination, blindness, opisthotonos,
hypersalivation, ataxia, nystagmus, paddling, DEATH 100% mortality
o DDx for tremors: organophosphates, circovirus, hog cholera, NOT PRRS o Some are born mummified
● Wean pigs: NEURO and RESP – similar signs as young neonates + resp signs, lower mortality ● Grower/Finisher pigs: RESP – cough, sneezing, nasal discharge ● Older pigs at breeding age: resp signs, REPRO FAILURE (abortion, resorption, mummification)
o Ruminants
▪ 1st sign = paresthesia (MAD ITCH) at inoculation site, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, circling, nystagmus,
strabismus – sometimes see aggression, depression death in 2 days
● Often have pigs housed nearby – pigs are 1˚ host!
● NO TREATMENT – animals die, prevention = remove the pigs
● DDx for clinical signs: rabies (Negri bodies), Polioencephalomalacia, salt poisoning, lead
poisoning, hypomagnesemia, meningitis
o Horses
▪ VERY RARE – depression, inability to swallow
o NO TREATMENT – older pigs recover on their own prevent w/ vaccination
Pseudorabies – herpesvirus (Aujesky’s Disease)
Peudorabies
Herpesvirus
TGE
Coronavirus
PRRS
Arteivirus
BRED SOW RETURNS TO HEAT – embryo resorption, unapparent infection in sow
▪ Mummified fetus, weak piglets, small litters, stillbirths ▪ Abortions – RARE – endometrium is not affected so no PGF2a released
o VACCINATE o DDx for fetal loss: parvo, toxoplasma, brucella, pseudorabies, PRRS, eperythrozoonosis, erysipelas, lepto
Parvovirus
G-, curved bacteria in enterocytes – proliferative enteropathies
▪ Aka Porcine Proliferative Enteritis – FINISHING PIGS (40-80lb)
o Soft buttery (yellow) stool, sometimes acute hemorrhagic diarrhea, gradual wasting, lethargy o Common – weaned and older pigs – persistent diarrhea, weight loss (similar to Johne’s in cows) o Necropsy: thickened inflamed ileum – proliferative ileitis w/ edematous mesentery
Lawsonia intracellularis
Porcine Proliferative Enteritis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea – large bowel diarrhea, fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and colitis
▪ Small intestine unaffected
o Bloody diarrhea and death – grower/finisher pigs
Serpulina/Brachyspira hyodysenteriae – SWINE DYSENTERY
SWINE DYSENTERY
Serpulina/Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
RECTAL STRICTURES w/ chronic infection, “button” ulcers in large intestine
WEANERS and GROWERS – uncommon in piglets (passive immunity from colostrum)
Salmonella
3 Forms – GROWER and FINISHERS pigs
▪ Peracute – pigs found suddenly dead ▪ Acute – pigs are lethargic, painful in joints, anorexia, develop diamond skin lesions ▪ Chronic – arthritis progresses to vertebral joints and limbs joints may fuse – painful swollen joints
o Lesions: red/purple skin lesions in diamond shapes
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae – DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
Enteric colibacillosis- nursing
EDEMA DISEASE- weaned
Lesions: edema, pericardial/pleural effusion (Shiga toxin 2e) – destroys endothelial cells in vessels blood clots,
hemorrhage, ischemia necrosis, edema of vital organs (including brain)
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli – Enteric colibacillosis, EDEMA DISEASE
Most common cause of diarrhea in NURSING piglets (<5 days old) – piglets huddled and shivering ▪ See w/ rotavirus – watery diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, death ▪ Prevention: vaccinate, NEVER MIX PIGS OF DIFFERENT AGES TOGETHER
F18 - shigatoxin
Enteric colibacillosis
FATAL dz of rapidly growing WEANED pigs – pigs on high protein, high energy diet ▪ Fever, anorexia, SQ emphysema, dyspnea, open mouth breathing, convulsions, diarrhea, swollen eyelids
(eyelid edema, forehead, lips), circling, acute death
F 18 Shiga toxin
Edema Disease
