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Ornithology > Pigeon Dissection > Flashcards

Pigeon Dissection Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps brachii

A

-muscle
Origin: coracoid and humerus

Insertion: posterior surface of radius and proximal end of ulna

Action: flexes antebrachium on brachium

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2
Q

Pectoralis

A
  • muscle
    Origin: ventral portion of sternal carina, sternum body, interosseus membrane

Insertion: deltoid crest of humerus

action: depression of the wing

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3
Q

Supracoracoideus

A
  • muscle
    Origin: dorsal portion of sternal carina, coracoclavicular membrane

Insertion: posterior edge of humerus near its head

action: elevation of the wing

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4
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

-muscle
Origin: neural spines of last cervical vertebra and first two thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: humerus

action: pull humerus posteriomedially

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5
Q

Rhomboideus

A
  • muscle
    Origin: neural spines of last two cervical vertebrae, and of thoracic vertebrae and anterior surface of synsacrum and anterior surface of ilum

Insertion: dorsomedial surface of the scapula

Action: stabilizes scapula

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6
Q

Biventor cervicus

A
  • muscle
    Origin: posterior end of fused thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: anterior cervical vertebrae

action: neck movement

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7
Q

Stomach

A
  • mechanical and chemical digestion of food
  • Consists of two chambers: Anterior glandular proventriculus (chemical digestion) & Larger muscular gizzard (mechanical processing)

Some birds ingest small pebbles to help with mechanical grinding of food in gizzard

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8
Q

Tongue

A
  • moves food into pharync; food procurement
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9
Q

Lungs

A
  • oxygenate blood from veins
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10
Q

Pancreas

A
  • creation of digestive enzymes for chemical digestion
  • Pale, elongate organ in mesentery between two loops of proximal end of small intestine
  • Produces hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism
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11
Q

Ovary/oviduct

A
  • creation of oocytes, oviduct coats zygote in eggshell
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12
Q

Liver

A

synthesis metabolism excretion, and detoxification

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13
Q

Heart

A
  • pumps blood through body
  • 4 chambered; rests in pericardial cavity
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14
Q

Kidney

A
  • filter waste products for excretion through ureters into cloaca
  • Lobulated (as in reptiles); pigeon kidneys have 3 lobes
  • Bird kidneys excrete uric acid as a nitrogenous waste product with minimal water loss (similar to reptiles)
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15
Q

Testes

A
  • creation of sperm to be released into cloaca
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16
Q

Brain

A
  • controls nervous system and sense organs
  • includes Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Optic Lobe, Olfactory Lobe, and Meninges
17
Q

Crop

A

-unique feature of birds
- function: storage of food and creation of food to feed young

18
Q

Gizzard

A

-unique feature of birds
- Function: mechanical digestion of food in stomach; can sometimes be filled with rocks

19
Q

Uropygial Gland

A

-unique feature of birds
- Function: creation of waxes and lipids to spread over feathers for preening

20
Q

Cloaca

A
  • unique feature of birds
  • Function: used for waste release, mating, and egg laying
21
Q

Feathers

A

-unique feature of birds
- Function: thermoregulation, flight, sex recognition, camouflage, social behaviors
- different types!

22
Q

Scales

A

-unique feature of bird
- function: cover feet

23
Q

Contour feathers

A
  • cover the bird body
24
Q

Flight feathers

A
  • arise as quills from wings and tail
25
Q

Coverts

A
  • contour feathers that associate with wings and tail
  • exist as under and over wing, as well as over and under tail
26
Q

Parts of wing feather

A
  • Calamus
  • Rachis
  • Vanes
    -Barbules
27
Q

Calamus

A
  • proximal shaft portion, no vanes, anchored in skin
28
Q

Rachis

A
  • continuation of shaft, vanes project from this area
29
Q

Vanes

A
  • consist of bards, make up bulk of feather
30
Q

Barbules

A
  • interlocking, extend from vanes
31
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • birds largely produced a cerebrum noted for stereotypical behavior
32
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • large and well developed in birds and it is traditionally implicated in motor control
33
Q

Olfactory apparatus

A
  • Pair of external nares pierces beak
  • Most birds lack a good sense of smell, with some exceptions
34
Q
A

Ornithology (2 decks)

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