pigs Flashcards
(239 cards)
1
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2
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sea lions
3
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cull her!
4
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brachyspira pilosicoli
obligate anaerobe
fecal oral route
treat: tylosin
GI pig disease power lecture
5
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PCR of aborted fetuses
6
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rotavirus
7
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keep going until you get a pattern
8
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flu
9
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mucoid diarrhea
10
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ascaris suum
11
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give normosol R IV slowly to decrease NA slowly
12
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S. typhimurium
13
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coughing and sneezing
foreign animal disease power lecture
14
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pleuropneumonia
15
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salt poisoning
16
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oxytocin
17
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heritable
18
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only test the 7 aborted sows for PRRS via PCR
19
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veneral transmission and through aborted fetuses
20
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when are pigs vaccinated for ileitis
21
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necrotic rhinitis
22
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stands while being mounted by a boar
23
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whipworms and large bowel diarrhea
24
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porcine parvovirus
25
vaccinate
26
can you use penicillin on Mycloplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs
no- bacterial has no cell wall
* coughing, fever, inappetance, purple to gray areas of consolidation in the vranio-ventral lungs with a catarrhal exudate in the airways and enlarged regional lymph nodes
27
acute ileitis
28
PHE is caused by
proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis (rope gut)
* red clotted blood in the small intestine
* sudden death
* can be so fast that there is no thickening of the intestinal mucosa
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E coli
30
cull
31
there is no treatment and should be culled
## Footnote
psuedorabies power page
32
Pseudorabies is caused by
herpesvirus (Porcine herpesvirus-1) and is also called “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch"
* reportable disease in pigs
* transmission via inhalation
* **Neonates:** Very susceptible, signs of fever, convulsive episodes, and prostration with rapid death within hours (100% mortality). shaker pigs
* **Weanlings & Growers 3-10,10-26**: Pneumonia, extreme pyrexia, tremors (variable mortality, 15-50%).
* **Adults**: Infection is often unapparent, but stillbirths and late term abortions/storms are the main sign. Occasionally can cause similar respiratory or neurologic signs (mortality < 15%).
* no specific tratment
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how old are neonates in pigs
34
how old are weanlings/nursery pigs
35
how old are growers/finisher pigs
36
how old are breeders/adult pigs
37
clinical signs of pseudorabies in neonates pig
Very susceptible, signs of fever, convulsive episodes, and prostration with rapid death
within hours (100% mortality).
* neonates: 0-3 weeks, less than 4 kgs
* reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
* herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
* histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
38
clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanling and grower pigs
* Weanlings (3-10 weeks, ,25 kg) & Growers (10-26 weeks, < 120 kg): **Pneumonia, extreme pyrexia,** tremors (variable mortality, 15-50%)
* reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
* herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
* histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
* late term abortions/storms
39
clinical signs of pseudorabies in adult pigs
* Adults: Infection is often unapparent, but s**tillbirths and abortions** are the main sign. Occasionally can cause similar respiratory or neurologic signs (mortality < 15%).
* reportable disease- transmission via inhalation
* herpesvirus (porcine herpesvirus-1) “Aujesky’s disease” or “Mad Itch”
* histology: Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
* late term abortions/storms
## Footnote
breeder/adults > 6 months, 120kg
40
tentanus
41
how to treat tetanus in pigs
penicillin, muscle relaxants, antitoxin, vaccination with tetanus toxoid
* should revaccinate in 4 weeks if they survive
42
fenbendazole
## Footnote
swine diarrhea power page
43
what are Ascaris suum
round worms in pigs
* hepatic migration- milk spots
* migrate to lungs and are coughed up and swallowed
* can cause intestinal obstuctions
* fecal float
* Ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel, lavamisole
44
how to treat round worms in pigs
Ascaris suum: round worms in pigs
* hepatic migration- milk spots
* migrate to lungs and are coughed up and swallowed
* can cause intestinal obstuctions
* fecal float
* **Ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel, lavamisole**
* fenbendazole: benzimidazole anthelminitic with a broad spectrum for roundworms, hooks, whips, pins and strongyles
45
top causes of diarrhea for nursing/unweaned pigs
The major causes of diarrhea in this age group are:
● Clostridium perfringens – type A and C – 1-7 day old piglets
● Clostridium difficile – 1-2 day old piglets
● Enteric colibacillosis (E. Coli) – 1-14 day old piglets and again in first 2 weeks post weaning
● Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) – all ages
● Coccidia (Isospora suis and Eimeria spp.) – 5-15 day old piglets
● Rotavirus – all ages
● Hypoglycemia
46
Clostridium perfringes Type A and C cause --- in --- age pigs
* diarrhea- yellow watery, bloody
* 1-7 days
* slow spread with intro of new pigs
* **dark red small intestines with hemorrhage**
* type A: high morbidity and low mortality
* type C: high morbidity and 100% death- often healthiest piglet affected
* **treatment:** ineffective, antitoxins and antibiotics can be given, best is to **vaccinate sows prior to birth**
47
Clostridium perfringens type A or type C is more deadly to pigs
* diarrhea- yellow watery, bloody
* 1-7 days
* slow spread with intro of new pigs
* **dark red small intestines with hemorrhage**
* type A: high morbidity and low mortality
* **type C:** high morbidity and 100% death- often healthiest piglet affected
* **treatment:** ineffective, antitoxins and antibiotics can be given, best is to **vaccinate sows prior to birth**
48
Clostridium difficle effects --- old pigs and causes ---
* 1-2 day old
* pasty yellow to watery diarrhea
* Variable morbidity, lower mortality (20-50%).
49
what can cause pasty yellow to watery diarrhea in 1-2 day old pigs
**C. difficile**
* Variable morbidity, lower mortality (20-50%).
50
E coli effects --- old pigs and cause ---
* 1-14 day and first 2 weeks post weaning
* white to yellowish watery diarrhea with gas or fetid odor leading to rapid dehydration, **tail necrosis**
* Treatment: oral fluids and antibiotics
* dirty or damp environments, poor management practives and low temps
51
what can cause White to yellowish watery diarrhea with gas and fetid odor leading to rapid dehydration and tail necrosis in 1-14 day old or first 2 weeks post weaning pigs
E coli
* Treatment: oral fluids and antibiotics
* dirty or damp environments, poor management practives and low temps
52
what can cause gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed in pigs
rotavirus
* All Ages - Most Often 1-5 Weeks
* Low mortality, variable morbidity.
* Often gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed.
* No specific treatment, supportive care is most helpful.
53
when does rotavirus affect pigs
rotavirus
*** All Ages - Most Often 1-5 Weeks**
* Low mortality, variable morbidity.
* Often gray, pasty feces with poorly digested feed.
* No specific treatment, supportive care is most helpful.
54
transmissible gastroenteritis effects --- old pigs
All Ages
● Caused by a coronavirus.
● May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
● **Vomiting** is often initial sign but not always present.
● Diarrhea with **curds of undigested milk**.
● No specific treatment. Oral hydration with electrolytes. Intestinal immunity is critical. Vaccine is available but not very effective. Biosecurity is key to prevention.
55
what can cause diarrhea with curds of undigested milk in pigs
**Tranmissible Gastroenteritis**
All Ages
● Caused by a coronavirus.
● May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
● **Vomiting** is often initial sign but not always present.
● Diarrhea with **curds of undigested milk**.
● No specific treatment. Oral hydration with electrolytes. Intestinal immunity is critical. Vaccine is available but not very effective. Biosecurity is key to prevention.
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Coccidiosis in pigs affects --- old pigs
**Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days** (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of **oocysts** in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with **sulfamethazine or ponazuril**.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
57
--- can cause fetid, yellow to white diarrhea in 5-14 day old pigs
**Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days** (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of **oocysts** in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with **sulfamethazine or ponazuril**.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
58
how to treat coccidosis in pigs
**Intestinal Coccidiosis 5-15 Days** (Especially 5-7 Days)
* Isospora suis is most common. Also many Eimeria species can infect pigs.
* Fetid, yellow to white diarrhea. Also can see “sheep pellet feces”.
* Can be diagnosed by demonstration of **oocysts** in feces (see image) or demonstrating parasite in intestinal lesions.
* Treated with **sulfamethazine or ponazuril**.
* Prevention through fecal removal. Disinfection of farrowing facility is difficult due to hardy spores.
59
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis) affects --- old pigs
older (>25 kgs)
growing and finishing pigs
* Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms.
* May pass yellow fibrinonecrotic casts.
* Pathologically, see thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fibrinonecrotic membrane.
* Treated with injectable antibiotics to affected pigs and by feed to the rest of the herd.
## Footnote
growers: 10-26 weeks < 120 kg
60
what can cause older pigs to pass yellow fibronecrotic casts
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis)
older (>25 kgs)
growing and finishing pigs
* Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms.
* May pass yellow f**ibrinonecrotic casts**.
* Pathologically, see **thickening of the intestinal mucosa** with a fibrinonecrotic membrane.
* Treated with injectable antibiotics to affected pigs and by feed to the rest of the herd.
61
swine dysentery is caused by
**Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae** (Swine Dysentery)
Older Pigs (>25 kg)
* Anaerobic spirochete infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
* Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
* Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
62
swine dysentery affects pigs --- old
**Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae** (Swine Dysentery)
**Older Pigs (>25 kg)**
* Anaerobic spirochete infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
* Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
* Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
## Footnote
10 weeks and above
63
a 15 week old pigs with mucoid large bowel diarrghea with flecks of blood probably is infected with
**Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae** (Swine Dysentery)
Older Pigs (>25 kg)
* Anaerobic spirochete infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
* Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
* Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
64
whipsworm cause --- in --- old pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
**Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)**
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and **hemorrhagic diarrhea.**
* Diagnosed by observation of classic **double-operculated eggs** in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles **(fenbendazole, levamisole)(ivermectin not fully effective).**
65
# pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
**Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)**
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and **hemorrhagic diarrhea.**
* Diagnosed by observation of classic **double-operculated eggs** in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles. (fenbendazole, levamisole)(ivermectin not fully effective).
## Footnote
can not use pyrantal: not effective against whipworms
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how to treat whipworms in pigs
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
**Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)**
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and **hemorrhagic diarrhea.**
* Diagnosed by observation of classic **double-operculated eggs** in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with **dichlorvos or benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, levamisole)**.
67
a 4 month old pig with hemorrhagic diarrhea probably is infected with
Trichuris suis (Whipworms)
**Older Pigs (3 Months and Up)**
* 2-inch-long worm that lives in cecum and upper large intestine. * Slender head penetrates lining of intestines causing irritation and **hemorrhagic diarrhea.**
* Diagnosed by observation of classic **double-operculated eggs** in feces (see image).
* Eggs survive in soil, dirt, or feces covered floors for long periods.
* Most commonly treated with dichlorvos or benzimidazoles.
68
Ascaris suum infect --- old pigs and cause ---
**Ascaris suum (roundworms)**
2-3 months and older
* >30-cm-long worm of the small intestine.
* May cause **intestinal obstruction** and migrate into bile ducts and liver causing subcapsular **white spots**.
* Can cause pulmonary signs (**pneumonia**) from lung migration and may cause abdominal breathing known as thumps.
* Ascarid eggs may be identified in feces (see image).
* Many treatment options – **fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin, levamisole**, dichlorvos, piperazine, hygromyci
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--- can cause liver white spots and intestinal obstructios in pigs
**Ascaris suum (roundworms)**
2-3 months and older
* >30-cm-long worm of the small intestine.
* May cause **intestinal obstruction** and migrate into bile ducts and liver causing subcapsular **white spots**.
* Can cause pulmonary signs (pneumonia) from lung migration and may cause abdominal breathing known as **thumps**.
* Ascarid eggs may be identified in feces (see image).
* Many treatment options – fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin, levamisole, dichlorvos, piperazine, hygromycin
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--- can cause rectal strictures in pigs older than 2 months
salmonella
Salmonella
Any Age but Usually Older Pigs (2-3 Months and Up)
* In young pigs, more likely to develop generalized septicemia.
* Older pigs develop fever, yellow liquid diarrhea that may have flecks of necrotic debris.
* May cause **rectal strictures** – should suspect Salmonella in an epidemic of rectal strictures.
* Diagnosed by fecal culture or from culture of mesenteric lymph nodes.
* Treated/prevented with antibiotics either in water to herd (neomycin, nitrofurazones) or
carbadox in feed.
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salmonella can cause --- in --- old pigs
Salmonella
**Any Age but Usually Older Pigs (2-3 Months and Up)**
* In young pigs, more likely to develop generalized septicemia.
* Older pigs develop fever, yellow liquid diarrhea that may have flecks of necrotic debris.
* May cause **rectal strictures** – should suspect Salmonella in an epidemic of rectal strictures.
* Diagnosed by fecal culture or from culture of mesenteric lymph nodes.
* Treated/prevented with antibiotics either in water to herd (neomycin, nitrofurazones) or
carbadox in feed.
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parvovirus
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parvo in gilts can cause
mummies and stillborns
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Trichuris suis - whip worms weaning to adulthood
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whipworms can cause --- in --- old pigs
pasty hemorrhagic diarrhea
older pigs >3 months
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ingestion of the encysted larvae in muscle
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how to prevent spread of Trichinella spiralis in pigs
stop cannibalizing, prevent pigs from eating rodents and by cooking the garbage fed to them
* worm larvae that will encyst in muscle
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treat for mange
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how to treat for mange in pigs
sarcoptes scabiei
* skin scraping
* skin lesions, itchy, zoonotic
* avermectins: two doses at 2 week intervals
* quarantine
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lack of protection from cold weather
81
lawsonia intracellularis infection
82
what causes garden hose gut in pigs
Lawsonia intracellularis (Proliferative Enteritis)
gram negative bacillus anaeorobe
* soft buttery stool or hemorrhagic diarrhea
* weight loss and thickened intestines
* similar to Johne's in cows
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classical swine fever
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--- is similar to bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses in pigs
classical swine fever, hog cholera
85
coughing and sneezing
86
clinical signs of hog cholera and how does it work
ever, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, shivering, paralysis, conjunctivitis, oral ulcers and petechiation
* caused by classical swine fever
* similar to bovine viral diarrhea virus
* affects stems cells in BM causing neutropenia and thrombocytopenia- become immune-suppressed and get 2ndary bacterial infections
* can cause repro failure
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ascaris suum
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stephanurus dentastus is a
kidney worm in pigs
89
fasciola hepatica is a
liver fluke
90
metastrongylus spp are
lung worms
91
--- is a whipworm found in the cecum and large intestine of pigs
Trichuris suis
92
Staphyloccus hyicus
## Footnote
greasy pig power page
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Exudative epidermitis is a condition of young pigs caused by a --- infection characterized by ---
Staphylococcus hyicus
reddening of the skin and a greasy exudate
94
Staphylococcus hyicus is a --- that causes ---
gram + cocci
greasy pig (Exudative epidermitis)
* Depression, anorexia, decreased growth
* Thickened, red-spotted skin
* Macules around eyes, lips, nose, ears progressing to vesicles or pustules
* Exudation of serum/sebum
* Progresses to entire body being covered with crusted exudates (“Greasy pig”)
* Erosions of coronary band and heel
* Younger suckling piglets are more likely suffer from acute, fatal symptoms
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clinical signs of greasy pig
Staphyloccus hyicus
exudative epidermitis
* Depression, anorexia, decreased growth
* Thickened, **red-spotted skin**
* Macules around eyes, lips, nose, ears progressing to vesicles or pustules
* Exudation of serum/sebum
* Progresses to entire body being covered with **crusted exudates** (“Greasy pig”)
* Erosions of coronary band and heel
* Younger suckling piglets are more likely suffer from acute, fatal symptoms
* younger pigs < 60 days
96
what age pig is affected by greasy pig
Staphylococcus hyicus
Exudative epidermitis
**younger 5-60 days**
97
treatment for greasy pig
Exudative epidermitis
Staphylococcus hyicus- gram + cocci
* Penicillins and cephalosporin
* Aminoglycosides
* Trimethoprim-sulfonamide, tylosin
* Daily application of topical antiseptics improves success of treatment
98
how to prevent greasy pig disease
Exudative epidermitis
Staphylococcus hyicus- gram + cocci
* treat exposed pigs with antibiotics for several days
* clip teeth
* soft bedding
* separate infection animals
* decrease fighting
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--- can treat giardia
metro= anaerobic antibiotic
100
--- is an antibiotic to treat coccidiosis in pigs
sulfamethazine (albon)
ponazuril
amprolium
101
colitis
102
clinical signs of strepococcus suis infection in pigs
polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, menigitis
* morbidity and mortality vary greatly and are improved with treatment
* nursing or recently weaned pigs
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no treatment in required
104
when are pigs affected by pityriasis rosea
3-14 weeks
* raised circular lesions on the ventral abdomen
* resolve in a few weeks without treatment
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Influenza virus
106
no treatment. cull
* caused by porcine herpesvirus
* transmission via inhalation
* cowdry type A inclusion bodies, necrotizing lesions of respiratory tract and brain
## Footnote
pseudorabies power page
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ponazuril
108
**isospora suis**
* 5-15 days (especially 5-7 days)
* coccidiosis in pigs
* treatment: ponazuril, sulfamethazine, amprolium and decoquinate
* fetid, yellow white diarrhea
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cull
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atrophic rhinitis is caused by
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pateurellla multocida Type D in pigs
* become infected from the sow shortly after birth
* control- select breeding stock that is negative for AR
* TreatmentL antibiotics and flunisin meglumine will not reverse condition
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straw
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Bordetella bronchispetica or Pasteurella multocida
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zearalenone
114
what is zaeralenone
mycotoxin that causes estrogenic effects
* edema of vulva, reddened
* edema of rectum that can lead to rectal prolapse
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diagnose- close-homogenize
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vesicular exanthema of swine in caused by
calicivirus that affects pigs, sea lions and other marine mammals
* called San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions, VE not in USA yet
* reporatable disease
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E coli
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what causes swine dysentery
brachyspira hyodysenteriae
older pigs > 25 kgs (10 weeks or older)
* Anaerobic spirochete infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of blood.
* Pathologically, see mucosa of large intestine covered by gray mucus layer or yellow necrotic debris.
* Treated with antibiotics (often in water) but drug resistance is common.
119
contact the state vet
120
clinical signs of african swine fever
* reportable to state vet
* high mortality
* fever (pig piling), septicemia (cyanosis, hemorrhage on multiple organs) and enlarged spleens with infarcts
* history of travel to AFrica
* incubatio of 5-15 days
* warthogs are asymptomatic reservoirs
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analyze feed for alfatoxin
122
pigs with hepatic necrosis and fibrosis and poor growth may have been exposed to ---
aflatoxin exposure
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round worms- ascaris suum
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Brachyspira pilosicoli
* Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery) * Older Pigs (>25 kg)
* Anaerobic **spirochete** infection.
* Mucoid large bowel diarrhea with flecks of bloo
125
GI
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inject all pigs with enrofloxacin
127
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes ---
sudden death in pigs
* exotoxins can cause death in a few hours
* treatment: ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tiamulin, tilmicosin
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gastric ulcer
129
F4 (K88)
130
which ecoli cause diarrhea in pre weaning pigs
* F4, F5, F6, F41 - pre weaning < 3 weeks
* F4 (K88), F18 (edema disease)- post weaning pigs
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F18
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vaccinate sows pre-farrowing
133
african swine fever
134
pigs
135
115
* 3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
136
change genetics for the next mating
137
porcine stress syndrome
PSS
* sudden rigor mortis, pale muscle, pulmonary edema
* heavily muscled and fast growing pigs can carry this gene
* death: triggered by excitment, stress or placed under some anesthetics (espically halothane)
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ascaris suum
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swine flu pneumonia
140
pig necropsy of swine influenza virus pneumonia can show
* cranioventral to patchy, diffuse pneumonia with moderate interlobular edema
* **necrotizing brochiolitis** with fibrinous exudate in bronchi
* will usually have 2ndary bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics in the water (tetracyclins)
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normal durating of farrowing --- with an average interval of --- between pigs
* 1.5-4.5 hour
* 15-20 mins
* 11-13 piglets are normal
142
prevent access to soil containing earth worms
143
intermediate host of metastrongylus
earthworms
* lung worm of pigs
144
isospora suis (5-15 days, mostly 5-7 days)
* treat with sulfamethazine or ponazuril
145
ivermectin monthly
146
praziquantal is used to treat
tapeworms
flukes
* not effective against roundworms
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
148
E coli
149
check for clotted blood
150
how to treat acute iletitis in pigs
tylosin
* acute death in well muscled pig
* intestinal contents with by **hemorrhagic and clotted**
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collect nasal swabs from all aborted sows
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brucellosis
153
bovine viral diarrhea
154
swine pox
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--- causes diamond shaped skin lesions and necorsis of the ears and tails
erysipelas
156
staphylococcus hyicus causes
greasy pig dusease
exudative epidermitis
dark, greasy, brown lesions in the axilla, groin, head and face
157
swin pox affects --- old pigs and causes ---
all ages, but more common in young and growing pigs
* round palpules, pustules, vesicles and scabs on ventral abdomoen
* spread by lice and insects
* does NOT require treatment unless 2ndary bacterial infection
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vitamin A
159
low Vit A can cause --- in pigs and --- in turtles
* head tilt, incoordination, reduced weight gain, weak rear limbs
* middle ear infections in turtle
160
it is often associated with anemia, fever, icterus and repro failure
161
Eperythrozoonosis in pigs is caused by
Mycoplasma suis (previously called Eperythrozoon suis)
* caused by biting insects
* clinical signs: anorexia, weakness, anemia, icterus, repro failure
* younger pigs more affects
* treat with tetracycline
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pseudorabies
163
intussusceptions can occur in pigs infected with strongyles
164
high morbidity and low to moderate mortality
165
erysipelas rhusiopathiae
166
Clostridium perfringen type C
167
parmyxovirus
168
bone fractures due to nutritional imbalances
* high phosphorus and lack of calcium leads to bone resoption and spontaneous fractures
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mycoplasma suis
170
mucoid diarrhea
171
zearalenone
172
pigs
173
infected boars may be infertile due to poor semen quality
174
PRRS causes --- in neonate pigs
* neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
* weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
* gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
* boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
175
PRRS can cause --- in weaned pigs
* neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
* weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
* gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
* boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
176
PRRS can cause --- in gestating pids
* neonates: diarrhea, recurrent fevers
* weaned: anorexic, cough, dyspnea, thumps, purple ear tips and tails from vasculits
* gestating sows: repro failure: abortion, mummies, early embryonic death
* boars: infertility due to poor sperm quality
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Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
* caused by coronavirus
* +/- vomiting, diarrhea with curds of undigested milk
* biosecurity is key to prevention
* May be endemic (enzootic) with low mortality/morbidity or epizootic with near 100%
mortality/morbidity in piglets less than 10 days of age.
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repro failure
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lepto in pigs causes
* acute: fever, anorexia, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice and failure to grow
* Chronic: repro failure: late term abortions, mummies or weak piglets that die in a few days
* dams usually recover, and next litter is fine
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other pen mates
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Enterotoxogenic E coli
(edema disease F18)
* 1-14 Days Old and Again in First 2 Weeks Post Weaning
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typhimurium
Type D: dublin and enteritidis
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emotions
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pleuropneumonia
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pleuropneumonia in pigs is caused by
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae- gram negative coccobacillus
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clinical signs of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
* sudden onset of respiratory distress with open mouthed breathing
* frothy pink oral and nasal discharge
* lethargic, anorexic, fever
* pigs under 6 months are more affected, but some adults can show signs
* fibrinonecrotic and hemorrhagic lung lesions
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clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis
* pigs 3-8 weeks of age
* sneezing, coughing, lacrimation
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how is swine flu different from pleuropneumonia
* flu: affects pigs of all ages
* pleuropneumonia: younger pigs more affected but adults can be affected, **blood tinged** oral and nasal froth- open mouth breathing
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high morbidity and low to mod mortality
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what can cause GI ulcers in pigs
housing stress
finely ground feed
events that cause pigs to go off feed (respiratory outbreaks, food delivery problems ect)
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commingling pigs of different ages
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iron dextran injection
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
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corona virus caused --- in pigs
porcine epidemic diarrhea
transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
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pigs
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paramyxovirus or rubulavirus
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swine flu
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mycobacterium avium
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sarcoptes scabei- itchy - weight loss
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uncomplicated- short course and low death. Antibiotics can be given if concurrent bacterial infections
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ingestion by humans can cause cysticercosis
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what is taeniasis in humans
* humans eating infected pork with **taenia solium tapeworm**
* humans eating infected pork that is not cooked eating cysticerci. The cysticerci evaginte and attach to the small intestine. Adult tapeworms then devlop (taeniasis). This is the only way these tapeworms can complete their cycle. The tapeworms shed eggs which can be consumed by humans, but those eggs cannot complete their life cycle and turn in to tapeworms until they are consumed in cyst form. In humans, cysticerosis develops only when tapeworm eggs are ingested.
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collect gestation and lactation feed samples for mycotoxin testing
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lepto causes --- abortions
late term
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parvovirus causes --- abortions in pigs
mummies
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inject all remaining pigs with ceftiofur
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what two things can cause polyserositis in 4 week old pigs
polyserositis: inflammation of multiple serous membranes in the body, such as the pleura and pericardium, leading to effusions.
* Strep suis or Glaesserella parasuis
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Glasserella parasuis can cause --- in --- old pigs
* **polyserositis**: inflammation of multiple serous membranes in the body, such as the pleura and pericardium, leading to effusions.
* **sudden death**, polyarthritis, septicemia, high fever, CNS signs
* other pigs may appear normal
* 4-8 week old
* to stop outbreak Ceftiofur injections
## Footnote
Glasserella parasuis: gram negative bacteria- commensal of the upper resp tract
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high and high
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gram stain of Clostridium perfringens
gram + rod
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microsporum nanum
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salmonella
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Clostridium
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actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
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what is actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
gram neg bacteria- coccobacillary
* can cause sudden death, blood tinged fluid in nose
* exotoxin made by the bacteria causes vasculitis and hemolysis, especially in the lungs
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vaccinate sows pre-farrowing
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HPA axis
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penicillin
erysipelas: gram + bacteria
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salt poisoning
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birds
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state vet: Africam swine fever
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transcolostrally
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earthworms are the intermediate hosts for which worms in pigs
* kideny worm- Stephanurus dentatus
* lungworm= Metastrongylus spp
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bracyspira pilosicoli causes --- in pigs
spirochaetal colitis
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treat all pigs with oral antibiotics for 5 days
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tetracyclines
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alveolar macrophages
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which mycoplasma can cause arthritis in pigs
M. hyorhinis: younger pigs
H hyosynoviae: older pigs
## Footnote
use PCR to find
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aflatoxin
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vitamin A
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which swine pathogen is known to attach to and disrupt the pulmonary mucociliary apparatus
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
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Eperythrozoonosis in caused by --- and is spread by
Mycoplasma suis
biting insects
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clinical signs of Eperythrozoonosis
* mycoplasma suis: spread by biting insects
* anorexia, weakness, anemia, icterus, repro failure. Younger pigs more severely affected
* treat with tetracyclines
* NO vaccine available
