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PIL > PIL C > Flashcards

PIL C Flashcards

1
Q

The test that measures the level of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the blood is called:

A

Pulse Oximetry

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2
Q

Anaesthetic agents for local anaesthesia

A

Lidocaine and Bupivacaine

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3
Q

Impaired respiratory function during anaesthesia can cause

A

Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Cardia Aarythmias

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4
Q

When using short-acting anaesthetic agents in a long-term anesthesia refine you expect

A

an extended recovery period

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5
Q

Metetomidine and Xylazine work through the same mechanism of aztion

A

alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of phenothiazines and Chlorpomazine

A

Dopaminergic receptor antagonist

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7
Q

It is advisable to reduce as much as possible the last of Stage II of anesthesia

A

True

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8
Q

An opoid analgesic and a tranquilizer

A

is a Neurplepticanalgesia

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9
Q

As a routine fluid replacement in long-term anaesthesia at a rate of … of bodyweight per hour using Harthmann’s solution or 0.9% saline

A

10ml/kg

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10
Q

As a general guide, in rodents and rabbits, during anaesthesia, a fall in the respiratory rate to less than … the pre-anesthesia rate indicates impeding respiratory failture

A

40%

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11
Q

Why are tranquilizers and sedatives used in pre-medication anesthesia?

A

To reduce fear during induction, to redcue the dose of the anesthetic needed

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12
Q

Bradycardia (Bradycardia is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. It occurs when the heart beats very slowly) occurs as the anesthetic plan gets deeper

A

True

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13
Q

Tachycardia

A

faster heart rate

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14
Q

Neonatal animals usually require higher concentrations of volatile anaesthetic than adult animals

A

True

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15
Q

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired gas can be continuously measured from the airway using a

A

capnopgraph

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16
Q

A short pre-anaesthetic fasting period in ruminants reduces the incidence of rumenal timpany

A

True (bloating, gas in the rumen)

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17
Q

Xylazine

A

alpha-2 receptor agonist

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18
Q

The amount of gas entering the respirator tract during on respiratory cycle is called

A

tidal volume

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19
Q

Acepromazine in the pre-anaesthetic regime causes

A

a calming effect and muscle relaxation

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20
Q

Atropine and Glycopyrrolate can cause a

A

increase in the heart rate

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21
Q

The side effect of NSAIDs are mainly related to their COX-1 inhibitory activity

A

True

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22
Q

What nerve fibers detect noxious stimuli?

A

C and A delta fibers

23
Q

Naroctics refers to

A

Opoids

24
Q

Multimodal analgesia regimen is recommended when pain of …. severity is predicted

A

High

25
Q

Non noxious stimuli travel along thick, myelinated … never fibers

A

Ab fibers

26
Q

The pain that continues beyond the stage where it is useful to protects the region, or is persistent and may not have a clearly identifiable causes is called

A

neuropathic pain

27
Q

The absense of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful is called

A

Analgesia

28
Q

From the known effect of glucocoticoids and beta-endorphine, it is reasonable to assume that pain could be

A

Immunosuppressant

29
Q

The least experience of pain an individual can recognize is called

A

Pain threshold

30
Q

Self mutilation is a sign of …. pain

A

neuropathic

31
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA anatgonist

32
Q

NSAID

A

Caprofen

33
Q

Xylazine

A

a2 adrenergic agonist

34
Q

The pain that immediately follows injury and disappear when the injury heals is called

A

Acute pain

35
Q

Inflammation causes … pain

A

Visceral pain

36
Q

The sensation of noxious stimuli is called

A

Nociception

37
Q

Other metabolic and physiologic effects attributed to pain include:

A

Catabolic state, decreased reproductive function, hyperglycemia

38
Q

An exaggerated response to a stimulus that would normal be painful is called

A

Hyperalgesia

39
Q

Allodynia is defined as

A

pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

40
Q

The process of converting a noxious stimulus into electrical signals is called

A

Transduction

41
Q

Drugs for treatment of neuropathic pain

A

Antidepressants, Ketamin, Anti-convulsants

42
Q

Pain that originates from the skin, bones or muscles is called

A

somatic pain

43
Q

In addition to analgesia, the effect of opioids include

A

vomiting and nausea, decrease gastrointestinal motility, respiratory depression

44
Q

The greatest level of pain an individual is willing to tolerate is called

A

pain threshold

45
Q

Paracetamol

A

Liver toxicity

46
Q

NSAIDS produce multiple effects via

A

Inhibition of CoX1 and Cox2 enzymes

47
Q

Sutures should be removed when the skin has healed around

A

10-14 days

48
Q

Disinfection

A

the act of preventing growth of microorganisms capable of infections

49
Q

Straight scissors are not normally used on tissue

A

True

50
Q

Adequate blood supply may prevent wound dehiscence

A

True

51
Q

Which needle would you use for suturing skin

A

Cutting edge needle

52
Q

Chemicals applied to skin to destroy bacteria and prevent infections

A

Antiseptics

53
Q

Best practice for sterilization method between animals (eg during batch surgery)

A

autoclaving

54
Q

Iris scissors are

A

sharp-sharp

PIL (4 decks)

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