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Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP's) Flashcards

1
Q

PIREP - Who do pilots make PIREP’s to?

A

An FSS or ATC.

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3
Q

PIREP - Under what conditions are ATC facilities required to solicit PIREP’s from pilots?

A

Ceiling below 5000 feet or visibility at or below 5 miles

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4
Q

PIREP - What does the ATC facility or FSS do with the PIREP once it is filed?

A

Add it to the distribution system to brief other pilots and provide in-flight advisories.

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5
Q

PIREP - What does TEI stand for?

A

Text Element Indicator

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6
Q

PIREP - Name all of the PIREP TEI’s

A 
/UA Routine PIREP
(/UUA Urgent PIREP)
/OV Location
/TM Time
/FL Altitude
/TP Aircraft type
/SK Cloud Layers
/WX Visibility and Weather
/TA Air Temperature
/WV Wind
/TB Turbulence
/IC Icing
/RM Remarks
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7
Q

PIREP - Which parts of the PIREP are Mandetory?

A 
UA or UUA
/OV
/TM
/FL
/TP
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8
Q

PIREP - Which parts of the PIREP are optional?

A 
AT LEAST 1 IS REQUIRED!
/SK
/WX
/TA
/WV
/TB
/IC
/RM
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9
Q

PIREP - What makes a PIREP urgent?

A

A tornado, funnel cloud, waterspout, severe or extreme turbulence, severe icing, hail, volcanic ash, or low level wind shear.

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10
Q

A… PIREP - /OV LOCATION

What are the 3 ways to report your PIREP location?

A
  1. Direction and distance from a NAVAID.
  2. Direction and distance from an Airport.
  3. The Latitude and Longitude of the PIREP.
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10
Q

B… PIREP - /TM TIME

What does Time look like on a PIREP?

A

**/TM 0950 **

Four digits in 24 hour UTC

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10
Q

C… PIREP - ALTITUDE/FLIGHT LEVEL!

What does /FL look like on a PIREP?

A 
*****/FL018 *****
(1800 ft)
*****/FLUNKN *****
(Unknown)
*****/FLDURD *****
(During descent or on approach)
*****/FLDURC *****
(During climb or after takeoff)
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10
Q

D… PIREP - AIRCRAFT TYPE!

What does aircraft type look like on a PIREP?

A

**/TP C182 ***
or
***/TP UNKN **

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10
Q

PIREP - Which 2 Weather Types must always include the type aircraft TEI?

A

Turbulence and Icing reports

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!
What does the following mean?
**/SK BKN-OVC UNKN-TOP060/BKN120-TOP150/ SKC **

A

Broken to Overcast cloud layer starting at an UNKNOWN base height up to 6000 feet (MSL).
AND
A second layer of BROKEN cloud from 12000 feet (MSL) to 15000 feet (MSL) and clear sky above that.

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!
What does the following mean?
**/SK OVC065-TOPUNKN /RM IMC **

A

There is an overcast cloud layer from 6500 feet (MSL) to an UNKNOWN height…
The /RM IMC means the plane is in the clouds “IM in the Clouds”

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!

Regarding /SK What are the authorised contractions for cloud cover?

A 
SKC
FEW
SCT
BKN
OVC
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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!

When more than one layer is reported, what do you use to separate layers in your PIREP?

A

A solidus (/).

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is the first thing you might report in this field?

A

Visibility (if reported!)

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

If reporting Visibility, how would it look on the PIREP?

A

** /WX FV03SM ***
or
*** /WX FV99SM **
(unrestricted visibility)

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What comes after VISIBILITY?

A

Flight weather types using one or more of the 34 standard surface weather reporting symbols.

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Snow/Blowing Snow

A

DRSN/BLSN

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Dust

A

DRDU

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Sand

A

DRSA

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drizzle/Freezing Drizzle

A

DZ/FZDZ

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11
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Dust/Blowing Dust
DU/BLDU
12
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Freezing Fog
FZFG
13
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Freezing Rain
FZRA
14
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Hail Shower
SHGR
15
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Ice Pellets/Ice Pellet Showers
PL/SHPL
16
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Patchy Fog
BCFG
17
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Patchy Fog on part of Arpt
PRFG
18
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Rain/Rain Showers
RA/SHRA
19
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Sand/Blowing Sand
SA/BLSA
20
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Shallow Fog
MIFG
21
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What is: Sml Hail/Snow Pellet Showers
SHGS
22
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX ``` Intensity of precipitation (-)light, ( )moderate or (+)heavy must be indicated for all precipitation types other than WHAT? ```
Ice crystals and hail.
23
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX Intensity of obscurations must be described as ( ) or (+) for WHICH 2 TYPES OF OBSCURATIONS?
Dust and Sand Storms only.
24
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX What does the following mean? /WX FV01SM +DS000-TOP083/ SKC /RM DURC
``` Flight visibility (rounded down to) 1 Statute Mile...Heavy Dust Storm up to 8300 feet (MSL) with clear sky above that! The observation was made during Climb. ```
25
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX When more than one form of precipitation is combined in the report, which type must be reported first?
The dominant type.
26
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX When FC is entered in /WX, WHAT is spelled out on /RM?
FUNNEL CLOUD! For Example: **** /WX FC /RM FUNNEL CLOUD
27
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX When +FC is entered in /WX, WHAT is spelled out in the /RM TEI?
TORNADO or WATERSPOUT For Example: **** /WX +FC /RM TORNADO or WATERSPOUT
28
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX How would you include the size of hail and where would you do so?
You would enter in 1/4” increments in the remarks /RM TEI. For Example: * *** /RM GR1/2 **** * *** /RM GR3/4 ****
29
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX When might you use the proximity qualifier VC (Vicinity)?
The proximity qualifier VC (Vicinity) is only used with TS, FG, FC, +FC, SH, PO, BLDU, BLSA, and BLSN. For Example: **** /WX FV02SM BLDU000-TOP083 VC W
30
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX When more than one type of weather is to be reported what should be the order?
1) TORNADO, WATERSPOUT, OR FUNNEL CLOUD 2) Thunderstorm with or without associated precipitation 3)  Weather phenomena in order of decreasing predominance. AND No more than three groups in a single PIREP.
31
F... PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX Weather layers must be entered with the WHAT and/or WHAT of the layer when reported?
Their base and/or top of the layer using the same format as in the /SK TEI.
32
G... PIREP - AIR TEMPETATURE! /TA What does Air Temperature look like on a PIREP?
``` *****/TA 08 ***** (8 degrees Celsius) or *****/TA M08 ***** (-8 degrees Celsius) ```
35
H... PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV What does this mean on a PIREP?****/WV 28008KT ****
Wind coming from heading 280 | Wind speed 8 knots
36
H... PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV What does this mean on a PIREP? ****/WV 28080KT ****
Wind coming from heading 280 | Wind speed 80 knots
37
H... PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV What does this mean on a PIREP?****/WV 280105KT ****
Wind coming from heading 280 | Wind speed 105 knots
38
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB What are the 4 things that can go into the Turbulence report on a PIREP?
(Duration) Intensity, type, and altitude
42
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Duration Duration is only included if reported by the pilot! What are the options for Duration and what would they look like on a PIREP?
INTMT, OCNL, CONS **** /TB INTMT LGT 040 **** (Don't need to recall this but note to self: The above ARE in the correct order).
43
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Intensity What are the intensity options for the turbulence section of a PIREP and what do they look like?
LGT, MOD, SEV, or EXTRM Eg: **** /TB MOD­-SEV 230-­280 ****
44
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Intensity How would you report a range of intensity (Eg light to moderate or moderate to severe)?
With a hyphen (-) **** /TB LGT-MOD BLO-090 ****
45
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB If turbulence was forecasted, but not encountered, what do you enter and where?
You would enter NEG at the end of your /TB report. **** /TB NEG 230-280 **** or **** /TB MOD CHOP 220/NEG 230-280 ****
46
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Type What are the two types of turbulence and how would they look on the report?
CAT or (CHOP if reported by the pilot) /TB MOD CHOP 220/NEG 230­-280 /TB MOD CAT ABV 280
47
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB What is CAT
Clear Air Turbulence
48
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB | What is CHOP?
Rhythmic Turbulence.
51
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Altitude. When must you report Turbulence Altitude?
Report altitude only if it differs from the value reported in /FL.
52
I... PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Altitude. When a layer of turbulence is reported, how are height values reported?
Separate height values with a hyphen. Unknown lower or upper limits are defined as BLO or ABV For Example: /TB MOD-­SEV BLO-080 /TB NEG 120­-180 /TB MOD CAT ABV-290
58
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC If icing was not encountered, what would you enter and how would it look on a PIREP?
If icing was not encountered, enter NEG **** /IC NEG 120­-180 ****
59
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC What are the 3 things that go into the Icing section of a PIREP and what would the /IC TEI look like with all of them?
Intensity, type and altitude of icing. EXAMPLE: * * /IC TRACE-LGT CLR 035­-062 ** * * /IC NEG 035-062 **
60
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Intensity! What are the 4 contractions for /IC Intensity and how do they look on a PIREP?
TRACE, LGT, MOD, or SEV. **** /IC LGT RIME ****
61
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Intensity! How would you report a range of intensity and how would it look on the PIREP?
You would use a hyphen. **** /IC LGT-MDT RIME ****
61
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Type! What are the Icing Type contractions and how would they look on the PIREP?
RIME, CLR, or MX EXAMPLE: /IC LGT­-MOD MX 085 /IC LGT RIME /IC MOD RIME BLO-095 /IC SEV CLR 035­-062
62
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Altitude! When must you report Icing Altitude?
Only if different from the value reported in the /FL TEI.
63
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Altitude! How would you separate a range of height for an icing layer and what would it look like on the PIREP?
You would use a hyphen. EXAMPLE: **** /IC SEV CLR 035­-062 ****
64
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Altitude! When you don't know the base or top of an Icing Layer, how would you define it on the Icing section of the PIREP and what would it look like?
Use ABV or BLO when a layer is not defined. EXAMPLE: **** /IC SEV CLR ABV-­062 ****
65
J... PIREP - ICING! /IC Altitude! When Icing is reported, which other TEI must you also always report with it?
When icing is reported always report temperature in the /TA TEI.
66
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM The /RM TEI is used to report any phenomenon which is considered important but does not fit in any of the other TEIs. This includes, but is not limited to WHAT?
Low level wind shear (LLWS), Thunderstorm lines Coverage and movement, Hail sizes, Lightning, Clouds observed but not encountered, Geographical or local description of where the phenomenon occurred and contrails. NOTE: Report hazardous weather first.
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM Wind Shear. How is Wind shear reported?
Wind speed fluctuations of +/- 10 Kts or more within 2,000 Ft require an Urgent PIREP. Enter LLWS as the first remark followed by -, +, or +/- depending on how it effects the aircraft. If the location is different than the /OV or /FL fields, include the location in the remarks. EXAMPLE: /RM LLWS +/-15 KT SFC-008 DURC RY22 JFK
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM FUNNEL CLOUD's, TORNADO's, and WATERSPOUT's are entered HOW?
With the direction of movement if reported. EXAMPLE: /RM TORNADO E MOV E
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM How are Thunderstorm's reported in the /RM TEI
Enter coverage (ISOL, FEW, SCT, NMRS) and description (LN,BKN LN,SLD LN) if reported. Follow with “TS,” the location and movement, and the type of lightning if reported. EXAMPLE: /RM NMRS BKN LN TS S MOV E OCNL LTGIC GR1/2
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM How is Lightening reported in the /RM TEI
Frequency (OCNL, FRQ, CONS), followed by type (LTGIC, LTGCC, LTGCG, LTGCA, or combinations), if reported. EXAMPLE: /RM OCNL LTGICCG
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM How is Electric Discharge reported in the /RM TEI
Enter DISCHARGE followed by altitude. ** /RM DISCHARGE 120 **
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM How are Clouds reported in the /RM TEI
Use remarks when clouds can be seen but were not encountered and reported in /SK. EXAMPLE: /RM CB E MOV N /RM OVC BLO
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM When might you use plain language?
When other phraseology is not adequate. /RM BUMPY VERY ROUGH RIDE /RM CONTRAILS /RM Donner Summit Pass
67
K... PIREP - REMARKS! /RM How is Volcanic Ash reported in the /RM TEI
As an Urgent PIREP. Must include as much information as possible. Name of mountain, ash cloud and movement, height of the top and bottom etc. EXAMPLE: /RM VOLCANIC ERUPTION 2008Z MT AUGUSTINE ASH 40S MOV SSE

PGS - Meteorology (8 decks)

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