PINATUBO

Question 1

PREPERATIONS

Answer 1

MONITORING, HAZARD MAPS

Question 2

Monitoring

Answer 2

2 April 199, smoke observed side volcano
PHIVOLCS began on-site monitoring - 10km radius Danger Zone
USGS arrived - seismometer and tilt meters- 40-150 EQ/day, Sulfur Dioxide 500 to 5000 tonnes per day
Volcano only erupt 5 times 2000 years means explosive

Question 3

Hazards Map

Answer 3

Indicate likely nature and extent of eruption
EQ frequency increased and SO2 levels decreased (magma holding gases = eruption explosive)
Phased evac ordered
3 June, 20,000 in 10km
7 June, 120,000 in 18km
15 June, eruption

Question 4

Positives Preperations

Answer 4

Accurate hazard maps
Small no. deaths (850) amount of people living nearby (1mil)
USGS/PHIVOLCS est.
5-20,000 lives saved evac and prep
20 of 20,000 Aeta highlander killed
Cost monitoring 1.5mil
Cost evac 40mil
Aircraft moved- USAF averted 200mil
Philippine commercial airline averted 50-100mil

Question 5

Negative Preparations

Answer 5

Hazard Map underestimated extent - ash 65km not 40km
Coincidence of Typhoon Yunya - heavy rain incr weight ash therefore damage

Question 6

Immediate Response Positive

Answer 6

National Disaster Coordination Council mobilised to aid evac, rescue and relief response - provide social services in evac centres

Health advisories issued to inform people on how to deal with ash - irritate eyes and asthma attack trigger

Question 7

Immediate Response Negative

Answer 7

Disease major issue in evac centres.
600 of 850 deaths due to disease
30,000 Amoranto Valedrome Quenzo City
Many Angeles shanty towns - disease affect hundreds

Question 8

Long Term Response Positive

Answer 8

System to monitor and warn of lahars put in place immediately
Saved hundred of lives since 1991

June gov set up Task Force Mt Pinatubo - 6yr mandate, 10billion peso funds
Establish resettlement centres, provide employment, repair infrastructure damage and provide relief funds
1996 all gov dep incl post-eruption mitigation strats in programmes

Question 9

Long Term Response Negative

Answer 9

Efforts to tap lahars behind dams and leveels largely failed

Dozens people killed by lahars since 1991 - Pasig-Potrero river 1991,1992,1994

100,000 homes destroyed by lahars since