Pink Pigs Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is cytotoxic T cells?
T cells that attach to mhc-1 and kills the cells that infected. Once it activated, it divide it memory cell, and effector cells which kills any cells that has turn abnormal, etc cancer cells
What is clonal selection?
Cells makes a lot of B cells which can only creat a certain type of antibodies. Stimulation of only the B cells that react to the antigen is referred to clonal selection. Once B cells activated, it divide rapidly producing B cells clones. B cells then differentiate to plasma cells and memory cells. Plasma cells makes antibodies
What is antibody?
Known as immunegobulin (Ig) kills specific antibodies
What is Ig E?
Make immediate response, can be local or systemic. Allergen activates it which bind to mast cell which produce histamine( triggers complement system)
What the treatment for activating Ig E?
Epinephrine, antihistamine, corricosteriod
What the clinical manifestation of activating Ig E?
Like allergic reaction, redness, swelling warmth at site, etc
What is type 2 :tissue specific hypersensitivity?
Ig G or IgM, reacts to foreign tissue cells. Antibodies bind on the cell surface and destroy or prevent cells from functioning. Usually quick response
What is type 3 hypersensitivity?
Immune complex mediated, triggers the complement system and inflammation; attracting basophils which release emzymes that destroys tissues
Mostly cause by antigen antibody complexes
What is type 4 hypersensitivity?
It’s cell mediated hypersensitivity specifically by T lymphocytes. Ex graft rejection,or TB skin testing. 24 to 72 hrs until it initiated, slow onset
What is Ig G?
Most abundant class, 85% of Ig in blood that most protective activity against infections. It the most abundant in baby’s and fetus as well
What is Ig A?
2 subclass: IgA1 and IgA2. IgA1 is found mostly in blood, IgA2 is found mainly in body secretion.
IgM
Largest Ig, first antibody produce during the initial or primary response to antigen. Synthesize early in neonatal life
IgD
Low concentration in the blood. It’s primary function is a antigen receptor on the surface of early B cells
What is B cells?
When B cells gets activated ; binding of antigen and stimulation if helper T cells by binding to MHC 2. Once activated B cells, it start to divide and differentiated to memory cells and plasma cells. Plasma cells tags to the antigen which can get recognize to macrophages
What is T cells?
Nk killer cells, 2 type with either CD4 and CD 8 T cells. CD4 T cells are the one that want to bind to MHC II which is mostly T helper cells. CD. 8 binds to MHC 1 complex which kills bad cells, eg cancer cells. Once activated, it start to divide and differentiate to effector cells and memory cells. The effector helper T cells can activate B cell and release cytokines. Cytokines mainly help be the alarm ringer for everyone to get ready
What is the CD4 T cells?
“General” sends signals to activate immune response when there is intruder. HIV infects it and take over the immune cells
What is alpha adrenergic receptors?
A1 receptors: eyes dilate, blood vessels will vasoconstrict which increase Bp. It also increase spincter tone which decrease urine output.
A2 receptor decrease insulin production.
What is beta adrenergic receptor?
Beta 1: increase conduction and HR and cardiac output. Beta2; bronchodilator, dilate blood vessels
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disease, 3:1 female: male. Onset 40-60 years old. It systemic, inflammatory response. Bilateral joint pain and swelling. The synovial membrane is the first to be affected. Degeneration and lost of the articulate cartilage, the inflame cells can go in the heart and spleen.
What the patho of RA?
Neutrophils in synovial fluid are activated. Articular cartilage becomes degraded.
What the clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
Begins as acute inflammatory episode that appear to recover: generalize manifestation, fever, weakness, weight loss, generalize aching and stiffness. Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hr. Joint swelling is wide spread and symmetric, joints warm to touch
What the diagnosis of RA?
Serum rheumatoid test— high
Erythrocytes sedimentation test - test inflammation in your body but does not tell location
Synovial fluid analysis
Joint x-Ray MRI
What the treatment of RA?
No cure, early aggressive treatment can slow joint destruction, pain management and promoting independence
What the pharmacological approach toward RA?
Nonsteriodal antiinflammatory drugs, corticosteroid– moon face and mood changes
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs , methotrexate- help decrease immune response. Anti- malarial drugs
TNF- Inhibitor (Remicade, Humira,Enbrel) help stop debriding of tissue
