pipelining

Question 1

pipelining improves

Answer 1

throughput

Question 2

increasing clock rate improves

Answer 2

latency

Question 3

more memory closer to processor improves

Answer 3

latency

Question 4

using multiple functional units improves

Answer 4

throughput

Question 5

pipeline hazard

Answer 5

any condition that causes a stall

Question 6

types of dependencies

Answer 6

RAW
WAR
WAW

Question 7

bottleneck in pipelining

Answer 7

ALU

Question 8

branching

Answer 8

compute the target address and update the program counter in the Decode stage

Question 9

static branch prediction

Answer 9

always assume a branch will not be taken ( then fetch the next instruction in sequential order)

Question 10

dynamic branch prediction

Answer 10

keep track of branch decisions

Question 11

software approach to data dependencies +/-

Answer 11

let the compiler handle it
+ cheaper hardware, no need to implement detection and stalls
- more code, doesn’t solve stalls, only hides them

Question 12

operand forwarding approach

Answer 12

forward operand to needed I