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Piping & Valves > Piping & Valves > Flashcards

Piping & Valves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of piping?

A

Provided housing for which fluids and in some cases solid matter, are transferred from one place to another.

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2
Q

What are eight design factors for piping?

A
  1. Fluid temperature
  2. Fluid pressure
  3. Fluid volume-mass flow rate
  4. Chemical properties of the fluid
  5. Physical properties of the fluid
  6. Fluid contamination
  7. Shock loads
  8. Changes in direction
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3
Q

What are six common pipe materials?

A
  1. Low-carbon steel – Rust easy but is low cost and easy to work with
  2. Low – alloy steel – cost more and hard to work with great resistance to work fatigue and corrosion used in hot temp situations.
  3. Stainless steal – corrosion resistance used when process. Purity is essential.
  4. Copper alloy (brass, bronze) - excellent corrosion resistant properties, electrical and thermal conductivity properties and good workability
  5. Nickel alloy (Monel & inconel)– used with high temperatures and pressures and equipment such as heat exchangers, steam generators and condensers.
  6. Plastic – used for water drainage systems and chemicals.
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4
Q

What are piping support restraints?

A

Any device designed to support a load or control its movements. Support restraints must allow the pipe to make whatever movement is needed to minimize stress on the piping system.

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5
Q

What are the four DO NOTs and/or precautions for piping support restraints?

A
  1. Do not climb on them
  2. Do not attach any rigging, valve chains, etc. to them
  3. Do not adjust them in anyway
    4 do not remove them for any reason
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6
Q

What’s the purpose of thermal insulation?

A

Improves plant efficiency and reduces heat loss. It also adds to plant safety protecting workers from hot surfaces.

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7
Q

What’s the purpose of thermal loops?

A

Loops and bends are designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the piping systems. The piping loops or bends allows for thermal linear expansion.

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8
Q

What’s the purpose of piping expansion joints?

A

Expansion joints are used to protect piping systems from thermal linear expansion.

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9
Q

What causes water hammer?

A

A change in velocity of any flowing liquid.

When the liquid reaches a component, Valve, or the end of the piping, a damaging force will be exerted on the component or piping as the water is suddenly stopped or retarded.

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10
Q

State the five principal functions of valves?

A
  1. Starting or stopping flow.
  2. Regulating and throttling flow
  3. Preventing backflow
  4. Regulating pressure
  5. Relieving pressure
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11
Q

What are the major components of a valve?

A
  1. Body- houses individual valve parts and directs flow.
  2. Bonnet-guides the valve stem, aids w/sealing.
  3. Stem-rod extends thru bonnet & drives the disc(open/closing element) into the seat.
  4. Disc-opening closing element determines the amount of flow through valve.
  5. Seat-mating surface of the disc prevents flowed when the two contact.
  6. Packing-material that seals the gap between the valve stem and the bonnet.
  7. Packing gland-compresses the packing.
  8. stuffing box-houses the packing.
  9. Valve actuator– designed to operate valves or assist in positioning of the valve disc.
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12
Q

What are the four types of valve actuators?

A

Manual, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic

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13
Q

What are the two types of stems?

A

Rising and non-rising

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14
Q

Most widely used valve in piping. Needed as a stop valve, fully shut off or fully on. Used for ON-OFF Control of fluid system?

A

Gate valve

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15
Q

A valve specifically designed for controlling or regulating flow?

A

Globe valve– have shorter disc travel and therefore far fewer turns to open close than a gate valve of the same size

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16
Q

A valve with a ball shaped disc with a hole through its center?

A

Ball Valve-a hole through the center of the disc provides straight through flow with minimal turbulence, low torque, and tight closure. Used for start-stop or throttling flow control.

17
Q

Extremely durable, efficient, reliable valve that may be used as a control or isolation valve.

A

Butterfly valve – can go from fully closed fully open with a quarter turn or 90° turn

18
Q

A valve use in systems containing chemical or radioactive contaminated water or gases. Normally low-pressure low-temperature application range of 50 psi and 180-220°F. Block or control type valve or isolation or block type.

A

Diaphragm Valve.

19
Q

A unique valve that requires no packing too seal. Design to allow zero leakage. Not designed for reverse flow. not designed for throttling. Only used for on-off applications.

A

Kerotest valve

20
Q

Valve used to prevent reverse flow?

A

Check valve.

21
Q

What are the two types of check valves?

A
  1. Swing check-disc swings out of the way when flow is applied on it.
  2. Lift check-System flow pushes up on the disc, lifting it off the seat and the valve closes by gravity or reverse flow.
22
Q

This is used in lines where It is necessary to reduce incoming pressure to required service pressure?

A

Pressure regulator

23
Q

Define fail safe position?

A

Is defined as the desired position the valve will assume upon failure of the input power to the valve actuator.

24
Q

What are the methods for determining valve position?

A

Stem position-actual stem position.short stem is closed.
local remote indicators- control room or local arrows lights.
system conditions-touch, feel, sound of system.

25
Q

What are three major methods that will prevent human error in valve mispositioning?

A
  1. Verify that all local and/or remote indications reflect actual plant conditions.
  2. Proper use of procedures.
  3. Verify all valves and associated instrumentation are labeled correctly.
26
Q

Prevent equipment damage by relieving system fluid to prevent system pressure from exceeding a maximum value.

A

Safety and/or relief valve

Safety valves-Will lift rapidly as soon as preset pressure setting is reached.

Relief valves-Will gradually open more and more as pressure increases remain open until pressure is below setpoint.

27
Q

Automatically remove condensate and or noncondensible gases and at same time prevent the loss of steam?

A

Steam traps

Piping & Valves (1 decks)

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