Pitt-to-Peel

Question 0

The support from the king was the most important reason for Pitts longevity/domination of politics:
1783-93

Answer 0

King appointed Pitt 1783
King ensured the fall of the fox north coalition
King created 119 peerages in the Lords

Question 1

1. What are the 4 paragraphs for Pitts longevity/domination of politics:
   1783-93

Answer 1

Support from the Crown
Reforms to administration and finance
Reforms to trade and commerce
Personal ability/upbringing

Question 2

Pitts reforms to administration and finance was the most important reason for Pitts longevity/domination of politics:
1783-93

Answer 2

Sinking fund- £6m p/a towards debt
Consolidated fund act- 103->1 87
Indirectly taxed the rich

Question 3

Pitt’s reforms to trade and commerce was the most important reason for Pitts longevity/domination of politics:
1783-93

Answer 3

Eden treaty 86
Commutation act 84
Hovering act 86

Question 4

Pitts personal ability/upbringing was the most important reason for Pitts longevity/domination of politics:

Answer 4

Skilled orator
Dad and uncle PMs
Cambridge at 14

Question 5

1. 3 paras for: success of Pitt the Younger’s domestic policies, did he achieve a national revival/meet Britain’s requirements

Answer 5

Requirements (what to reform):
Outdated administrative/political system
Very inefficient financial system
Stagnant trade/commerce

Question 6

How did Pitt reform the outdated administrative/political system?
1783-93

Answer 6

Let sinecures lapse on death
A Treasury Commission of Audit
Central stationary office

Question 7

How did Pitt reform finance?

1783-93

Answer 7

Sinking Fund 1786
Consolidated Fund act
New taxes- e.g window tax, SHOP TAX

Question 8

How did Pitt reform commerce?

Answer 8

Eden Treaty
Hovering act- smuggling less attractive
Commutation act (tea) 3.4m smuggled in before

Question 9

2. 4 paras: Pitt and the radical threat, how successful was he/why was the threat defeated?
   1793-1801

Answer 9

Pitt’s harsh/repressive policy
Threat was disjointed/divided/weak
Lack of genuine popular support
Government exploitation of patriotism

Question 10

Pitts harsh/repressive policy main reason for the defeat of the radicals:

Answer 10

Aliens act 93
Suspension of HC 94
Two acts- seditious meetings, treason act.. 96

Question 11

The threat being weak/disjointed/divided was the reason the radicals were defeated:

Answer 11

Diff aim/methods- United Irishmen|LCS
No desire for revolution- most wanted bread prices down
TSOTFOTP had v high entrance fees

Question 12

Lack of genuine popular support was the main reason for defeat of the radicals:

Answer 12

Many put off by The Terror in France
Many church and king clubs
Not a big enough percentage of population for a revolution

Question 13

Exploitation of patriotism was the main reason for the defeat of the radicals:

Answer 13

Newspapers- alienated radicals
Raised stamp duties 1796
Reeves associations

Question 14

3. 4 Paras: How serious was the radical threat to Liverpool’s government 1812-22?

Answer 14

Not revolutionary- radicals just wanted social reforms
Not serious- movement was weak
Some serious threat
Government repressive and much stronger

Question 15

The radical threat to Liverpool’s government 1812-22 was not revolutionary, the radicals wanted social reform..

Answer 15

The march of the Blanketeers 1817
Pentrich rising 1817
Luddites

Question 16

The threat to Liverpool’s government 1812-22 wasn’t serious because the threat itself was weak

Answer 16

Peterloo massacre- ‘meeting’ easily suppressed by govt
March of the Blanketeers- only 300 and easily suppressed by govt
Luddites- job issues rather than need for reform

Question 17

There was some serious threat to Liverpool’s government 1841-46

Answer 17

Cato Street - plot to blow up cabinet

Peterloo massacre- whether or not there was an actual threat the perceived threat was high (11 killed)

Question 18

Regardless of threat to Liverpool’s government 1841-46, the government were much stronger

Answer 18

Frame breaking act- quell Luddism
Seditious meetings act
Six acts
Spies/Yeomanry

Question 19

4. 4 paras- How liberal were Tory reforms 1822-30?

Answer 19

Trade & Finance (HOW LIBERAL)
Law & Order (HOW LIBERAL)
Ireland (HOW LIBERAL)
Work (HOW LIBERAL)

Question 20

How liberal were the Tory forms to trade and finance 1822-30?

Answer 20

Mod to Navigation Laws
Reciprocity of Duties Act 1823
Mod to Corn Laws (sliding scale) 1828
Bank Act 1826 (finance)

Question 21

How liberal were the Tory reforms to law and order 1822-30?

Answer 21

PenalCode reformed (dp abolished180)
Gaols act 1823
MetPol Force 1829- replaced….?

Question 22

How liberal were the Tory reforms to Ireland 1822-30?

Answer 22

3 pro catholic bills 1821-5 (not passed)
Catholic emancipation passed 1828
Divided Tory party BIGTIME

Question 23

How liberal were the Tory reforms to work 1822-30?

Answer 23

Combination (TUs) laws repealed 1824

HOWEVER- Amending act (no power)

Question 24

5. 4 paras: why was the great reform act passed in 1832?

Answer 24

Popular discontent Outdated political system Wider political situation Threat of revolution

Question 25

Popular discontent was the main reason for the passing of the 1832 reform act

Answer 25

Days of May Riots in October (Nottingham, Bristol) BPU/NUWC

Question 26

An outdated political system was the main reason for the passing of the 1832 reform act

Answer 26

No secret ballot Rotten boroughs Unrepresented industrial cities (Manchester & Leeds)

Question 27

It was the wider political situation which was the main reason for the passing of the 1832 reform act

Answer 27

A more liberal king (William IV) King Charles X overthrown in France Whigs in power (more liberal- topic 4)

Question 28

The perceived fear of revolution was the most important reason for the passing of the 1832 reform act (COUNTER ARGUMENT)

Answer 28

Hamburger's thesis- Atwood & Place Little class collaboration Divisions within the protest movement

Question 29

5. 4 paras: How successful was the GRA 1832?

Answer 29

Whigs- HOW SUCCESSFUL? Middle class- HOW SUCCESSFUL? Working class- HOW SUCCESSFUL?

Question 30

How successful was the GRA of 1832 to the Whigs?

Answer 30

Still most MPs were sons of aristocrats Got rid of many Tory rotten and pocket boroughs Expanded franchise- more MC support

Question 31

How successful was the GRA 1832 to the Middle Classes?

Answer 31

``` All who owned property worth 10£ could vote- shop keepers/bourgeoisie Gave them access to the political system- commercial/industrial interests Exclusion of working class vote- no worry of 'mob rule' ```

Question 32

How successful was the GRA 1832 to the Working Class? (Wasn't)

Answer 32

Still completely excluded from the political system NUWC wanted universal manhood suffrage, secret ballot, annual parliaments Discontent shown by later growth of Chartism

Question 33

6. 4 paras: How successful was Peel restoring & reuniting Conservative party 1832-41?

Answer 33

Rebranded the Tory party (HOW SUCCESSFUL) Policy of constructive opposition (HOW SUCCESSFUL) Politically strengthened party (HOW SUCCESSFUL) Wasn't actually Peel (COUNTER PARA)

Question 34

Rebranding the Tory party was the most important reason for Peel's success as party leader 1832-41

Answer 34

The term conservative | Tamworth manifesto- 1835 appealed to new MC but also ultras. HOWEVER 1841 election- didn't win many MC votes

Question 36

Peel's policy of constructive opposition was the most important reason for Peel's success as party leader 1832-41

Answer 36

``` Support rather than oppose Whig ministers Nation before party 40 Whig MPs joined conservatives 2 cabinet ministers defected J- alienate radicals ```

Question 37

Politically strengthening the party was the most important reason for Peel's success as party leader 1832-41

Answer 37

100 days- appointed 4 ultras to cabinet posts= further consolidated party Bedchamber crisis- lead to Melbourne staying on until the Whigs ran out of steam

Question 37

It wasn't actually Peel as the most important reason for his success as party leader 1832-41

Answer 37

Role of Francis Bonham-> Carlton Club HOWEVER still needed Peel's support to have impact

Question 38

7. 4 paras: How successful were Peel's reforms 1841-46?

Answer 38

Economic reforms (aimed to reduce £2m debt left by the Whigs) Social (Britain industrialising- working conditions) Corn Laws pressure Requirements in Ireland

Question 40

How successful were Peels economic reforms 1841 (aimed to reduce £2m debt left by Whigs)

Answer 40

Income Tax 1842 Free Trade Budget 1842- lower import duties, abolished export duties Bank charter act 1844- stable currency Companies act 1844 compulsory for companies to be registered-> stimulating investment

Question 40

How successful were Peel's social reforms 1841-46?

Answer 40

Mines act 1842 prevented girls, women, boys under 10 Factory act 1844 kids 8-13 work 6.5 hours Railway act 1844- 1 train every station

Question 42

How successful was Peel's dealing with the Corn Laws 1841-46? (Famine rife in Ireland due to poor harvest & forcing up British bread prices)

Answer 42

Repealed in 1846- HOWEVER ended his ministry (anti-Tory) Didn't actually solve Irish famine despite lower import duties Increased social content, moved towards free trade HOWEVER increased rural unemployment

Question 42

How successful were Peel's reforms to Ireland 1841-46?

Answer 42

Failed to tackle Irish famine Appointed Heytesbury who recruited catholic magistrates- giving Catholics more forward roles in society Maynooth grant £30,000 HOWEVER split conservatives