Pituitary

Question 1

what hormones are in excess in cushings?

Answer 1

cortisol, mineralocorticoid and androgen

Question 2

what are the characteristics of Cushings?

Answer 2

thin skin, proximal myopathy, frontal balding, conjunctival oedema, osteoporosis

Question 3

what is the definitive test for Cushings?

Answer 3

Dexamethasone suppression test

Question 4

what results of the Dexamethasone suppression test indicate Cushings

Answer 4

Cortisol of greater than 50nmol/16 hours after the last dose

Question 5

what are the screening tests for Cushings?

Answer 5

overnight dexamethasone test, urine free cortisol test and diurnal cortisol variation

Question 6

what test results would indicate Cushings was caused by the pituitary?

Answer 6

Low dose Dexa test = Abnormal
ACTH = (below 300)
High dose Dexa = suppressed by 50%

Question 7

what test results would indicate Cushings was caused by adrenals?

Answer 7

abnormal low dose Dexa,

ACTH less than 1

Question 8

what test results would indicate Cushings had an Ectopic cause?

Answer 8

abnormal low Dexa,

ACTH higher than 300

Question 9

what are the causes of hypopituitarism?

Answer 9

pituitary tumours, secondary metastases, brain tumours, granulomatous disease, trauma

Question 10

how do we diagnosis diabetes insipidus?

Answer 10

water deprivation test

Question 11

what is the affect of pressure on the optic chiasm?

Answer 11

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 12

what drugs can raise prolactin?

Answer 12

dopamine antags, anti depressants/psychotics

Question 13

pathological causes of raised prolactin

Answer 13

hypothyroid, stalk lesions, prolactinoma

Question 14

what is the treatment of prolactinoma?

Answer 14

dopamine agonists

Question 15

what is acromegaly?

Answer 15

GH excess

Question 16

what is the adenohypophysis?

Answer 16

anterior pituitary

Question 17

what is the anterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 17

Rathkes pouch

Question 18

the anterior pituitary secretes trophic (4) and non trophic (2) hormones, name them

Answer 18

trophic: TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
nontrophic: GH and prolactin

Question 19

what is the neurohypophysis

Answer 19

posterior pituitary

Question 20

what is the posterior pituitary an extension of

Answer 20

neural tissue, glial cells and axonal processes

Question 21

what does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 21

ADH and oxytocin

Question 22

what can cause hyper function of the anterior pituitary?

Answer 22

adenoma, carcinoma

Question 23

what can cause hypo function of the anterior pituitary?

Answer 23

surgery, haemorrhage, necrosis, tumours extending into sella, inflammatory conditions

Question 24

what is diabetes insipidus

Answer 24

lack of ADH

Question 25

what is the most common cause of function pituitary adenoma?

Answer 25

prolactinoma

Question 26

what is the second most common cause of functional pituitary adenoma?

Answer 26

Growth hormone secreting

Question 27

what is nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 27

renal resistance to ADH

Question 28

what is a craniopharyngioma derived from?

Answer 28

remnants of rathkes pouch

Question 29

what does igf mean

Answer 29

insulin growth factor

Question 30

if the results of igf are high, what does this indicate?

Answer 30

chronic disease

Question 31

what cranial nerve controls lateral movement of the eye?

Answer 31

abducent