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pituitary Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

stimulates production and release of corticosteroids by adrenal glands

A

ACTH

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2
Q

anabolic hormone released from ant. pituitary

A

growth hormone

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3
Q

stimulates production and release of T4 by thyroid

A

TSH

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4
Q

key hormone controlling reproductive process and development

A

FSH

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5
Q

stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum as well as production of testosterone

A

LH

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6
Q

stimulates milk production and provides sexual gradification

A

prolactin

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7
Q

2 hormones from posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

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8
Q

vasopressin increases water absorption in kidneys

A

ADH

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9
Q

increasing uterine contractions and milk release

A

oxytocin

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10
Q

which lobe secretes hormones by negative feedback to adrenals, thyroid, and gonads

A

anterior pituitary

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11
Q

which lobe does not produce its own hormones but stores

A

posterior

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12
Q

which hormones are made in the hypothalamus

A

ADH and oxytocin

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13
Q

what is intermediate pituitary lobe do

A

secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone to control skin pigmentation

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14
Q

Acromegaly is usually caused by a ___ ___ which secretes ___. Very rarely it may be caused by at an ___ location like a pancreatic cancer

A

Acromegaly is usually caused by a pituitary adenoma which secretes GH. Very rarely it may be caused by at an ectopic location like a pancreatic cancer

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15
Q 
Excessive growth of hands, feet, jaw and internal organs
Doughy moist handshake
Amenorrhea
Headaches
Weakness
HTN
Cardiomegaly
Arthralgias and arthritis
A

acromegaly

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16
Q

Gigantism

A

If excessive GH occurs in childhood before the epiphyses are closed

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17
Q

IGF-1 levels 5 times normal
Glucose tolerance test with a GH level taken at 1 hour
Elevated Prolactin
Fasting blood sugar or glucose tolerance test – patients will usually have an insulin resistance or DM 2

A

acromegaly blood work

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18
Q

IGF-1
from what organ
how is it stimuated

A

from liver

excess growth hormone stimulates release of this

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19
Q

acromegaly blood work

  • marked elevation of what
  • prolactin
  • glucose test when and result
A

IGF-1 levels 5 times normal
Elevated Prolactin
Glucose tolerance test with a GH level taken at 1 hour
Fasting blood sugar or glucose tolerance test – patients will usually have an insulin resistance or DM 2

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20
Q

acromegaly imaging

A

MRI will show pituitary adenoma in about 90% of patients and is better than CT
Radiographs: Thickened skull; Tufting of terminal phalanges, Increased thickness of heel pad

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21
Q

Radiographs: Thickened skull; Tufting of terminal phalanges, Increased thickness of heel pad

A

acromegaly imaging

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22
Q

acromegaly MRI or CT

Study These Flashcards
A

MRI will show pituitary adenoma in about 90% of patients and is better than CT

23
Q

acromegaly onset and it does not affect what

Study These Flashcards
A

30s

does not affect long bones

24
Q

doughy moist handshake, Carpel tunnel, deep course voice, HTN, insulin resistance, arthralgias, colon polyps, cystic acne, acanthosis nigricans, HA, spinal stenosis, temporal hemianopsia, decreased libido, ED, menstrual abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea, macroglossia, cardiomegaly

25
main acromegaly s/s
enlargement and elongation of hands, feet, jaw and internal organs
26
at diagnosis of acromegaly, 10% will have what
overt heart failure with dilated left ventricle and reduced ejection fraction
27
IGF-1 is elevated 5 fold
adenoma
28
why measure prolactin levels
GH secreting tumors often co-secrete prolactin
29
GH secreting tumors often co-secrete what
prolactin PRL
30
describe glucose test for acromegaly
75 gm loading dose 1hr GTT will show failure of GH to decrease to less than 2
31
Treatment of acromegaly
Transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma is the primary treatment.(no larger than 2cm) Cyberknife or gamma knife if surgical and medical approaches unsuccessful Dopamine agonist (Cabergoline) will help to normalize GH Somatostatin analog (Octreotide, Lanreotide acetate) GH receptor antagonist (Pegvisomant)
32
what will normalize GH
cabergoline- dopamine agonist
33
Somatostatin analog
Octreotide, Lanreotide acetate
34
GH receptor antagonist
Pegvisomant
35
Pegvisomant
GH receptor antagonist; blocks hepatic IGF-1 production, thereby providing symptomatic relief and normalization of IGF-1 in 90% of pts
36
Octreotide, Lanreotide acetate
Somatostatin analog are inhibitory and may decrease tumor size
37
cabergoline
Dopamine agonist (Cabergoline) will help to normalize GH; suppress GH levels in some pts with acromegaly that fail surgery
38
what is the best measure of surgical success
normalization of GH and IGF-1 levels
39
blocks hepatic IGF-1 production, thereby providing symptomatic relief and normalization of IGF-1 in 90% of pts
GH receptor antagonist (Pegvisomant)
40
acromegalic pts have increased morbidity and mortality from what
cardiovascular disorders and progression of acromegalic symptoms
41
what accounts for frequent visual involvement
pituitary gland has close proximity to the optic chiasma
42
MRI shows a sellar lesion
acromegaly
43
do not get what levels in acromegaly
GH. get IGF-1
44
achondroplasia
dwarfism; non lethal type
45
failure to ossify cartilage
dwarfism
46
syndrome that affects 1 in 15,000-40,000 newborns
dwarfism
47
most common type of short limbed dwarfism
achondroplastic dwarfs
48
average height of an adult male and female with dwarfism
4' 4" male; and 4' 1" female
49
dwarfism- describe limbs, trunks, head, face, brows
short limbs long and narrow trunks large heads with midface hypoplasia prominent brows
50
dwarfism motor skills intelligence frequent what
delayed motor milestones nml intelligence frequent otitis media
51
neurologic complications, bowing of legs, obesity, dental problems
dwarfism
52
although not usually apparent at birth, pituitary dwarfism may present in male infants with what
hypoglycemia and micropenis
53
achondroplasia group of disorders are all caused by what
mutations in the FGFR3 gene

endocrine (9 decks)

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