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Endocrine > Pituitary and Fluid Homeostasis > Flashcards

Pituitary and Fluid Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior pituitary is an extension of

A

the anterior hypothalamus (neural connections)

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2
Q

The posterior pituitary secretes what 2 neurohormones

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin

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3
Q

Proneurohormones of the posterior pituitary

A

pro neurohormones are cleaved in the axon and released into the synaptic cleft along with the neurophysin

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4
Q

neurophysin

A

carrier proteins that transport neurohormones down the axon

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5
Q

Action of Oxytocin

A

myoepithelial surrounding alveoli in breast contraction and contraction of uterine myometrium

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6
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

lack of ADH or response to ADH

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7
Q

Vasopressin V2 receptor Action

A

bind V2 receptors in distal tubule or collecting duct to promote insertion of aquaporins

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8
Q

Vasopressin V2 receptor mechanism

A

Adenylyl cyclase and cAMP

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9
Q

Vasopressin V1 receptor Action

A

vasoconstriction to increase TPR and BP (during hemorrhaging)

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10
Q

V1 receptors

A

less affinity, require increased [AVP] for activation

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11
Q

Osmoregulators regulate plasma osmolality

A

cell volume and firing frequency of APs are linked (high plasma Osm = decreased cell V = HIGH firing rate of AP)

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12
Q

High firing rate of osmoregulators causes

A

increased release of AVP

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13
Q

Plasma osmolality threshold is

A

280

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14
Q

Is plasma osmolality is <280 then

A

osmoregulators stop firing APs and vasopressin stops secreting

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15
Q

What monitors blood volume

A

stretch receptors in venous system and baroreceptors in the arterial system

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16
Q

Stretch receptors and baroreceptors

A

stretching causes increased AP and release of INHIBITORY NT that decreases vasopressin

17
Q

An increase in blood volume causes

A

a decreased sensitivity of the osmoreceptors

18
Q

A decrease in blood volume causes

A

an increased sensitivity of the osmoreceptors

19
Q

If there are conflicting signals from stretch receptors and osmoregulators, which signal overrides the other

A

stretch receptors indicating the status of BV and BP

20
Q

What stimulates thirst

A

osmoreceptors (threshold in 295), osmoreceptors at 280 already increase vasopressin

21
Q

What other factors stimulate vasopressin release

A

high body temp, hypoxia, stress, exercise, endorphins, progesterone, nausea, pain

22
Q

What factors inhibit vasopressin release

A

etOH, lithium, decreased body temp, glucocorticoids

23
Q

anterior pituitary is connected to

A

hypothalamus via portal veins (hypothalamo-hypophyseal veins)

24
Q

Hypophysiotrophic hormones

A

hypothalamic hormones stimulate differentiation and proliferation (trophic effects) in the anterior pituitary

25
Q

6 hypothalamic hormones

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), dopamine (DA), and somatostatin (SS)

26
Q

3 families of hormones released by the anterior pituitary

A

glycoproteins, somatomammotropins, pro-opiomelanocortin

27
Q

glycoproteins from the anterior pituitary

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

28
Q

somatomammotropins from the anterior pituitary

A

growth hormone (GH), prolactin

29
Q

pro-opiomelanocortin from the anterior pituitary

A

ACTH

30
Q

anterior pituitary hormone release is regulated by

A

hormones fromt he hypothalamus

31
Q

if the anterior pituitary is separated from the hypothalamus what would happen to the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones

A

they would all decrease except prolactin (normally inhibited by the hypothalamus)

32
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones are

A

trophic - regulating growth, development, secretion of adrenal gland, thyroid gland, gonads, and mammary gland

33
Q

Hypothalamic hormones are secreted by

A

neurosecretory cells

34
Q

hypothalamis hormones are all ___________ except dopamine which is _________

A

peptides; catecholamines

35
Q

Hypothalamic hormones stimulate anterior pituitary hormone release except for

A

prolactin; which is inhibited

36
Q

Long-loop negative feedback

A

third target endocrine gland may suppress secretions from pituitary and hypothalamus

37
Q

Short-loop nehative feedback

A

pituitary suppresses secretion from the hypothalamus

Endocrine (9 decks)

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