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Pharma 2:) > Pituitary And Thyriod > Flashcards

Pituitary And Thyriod Flashcards

1
Q

GHRH have a specific features :

A

1-rapidly elevates serum GH .

2-high specificity .

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2
Q

name drug that acts like somatostatin

A

Octreotide

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3
Q

somatostatin effect of a different part of the body? (TSH, GH,GUT ,cell proliferation)

A

1-Inhibits the release of Somatotropin (GH) & TSH from the pituitary
2-Inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas.
3-Inhibits the secretion of gut peptides such as vasoactive intestinal
polypeptide (VIP) and gastrin
4-It inhibits the growth and proliferation of many cell types.

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4
Q

Octreotide is an SST analog administered by________

A

SC, IM, or IV injection.

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5
Q

Octreotide is used to treat several conditions like what?

A 
1-Acromegaly
2-Glucagonoma
3-Gastrinoma
4-Severe diarrhea
5-TSH-secreting adenomas
6-Variceal and upper GI bleeding
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6
Q

What is the condition that can cause an increase of VIP secretion ?

A

VIP-secreting tumors (VIPomas)

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7
Q

how octreotide treats Variceal and upper GI bleeding?

A

by splanchnic vasoconstrictive effect

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8
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Analogs Regulate the release of________&__________

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

GnRH Receptor Agonists names :

A 
Leuprolide
• Gonadorelin
• Triptorelin
• Nafarelin
• Goserelin
• Histrelin
remember relin :)
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10
Q

Pulsatile administration to which drugs _________

A

GnRH Analogs

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11
Q

Pulsatile administration of GnRH Analogs EVERY ________hours by computerized pump increase the synthesis of ____&______

A

(every 1–4 h), LH,FSH

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12
Q

• FSH is responsible for________

A

follicle development in first 14 day

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13
Q

LH is responsible for________

A

ovulation

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14
Q

Treatment of certain types of infertility BY ________

A

GnRH Analogs (pulsatile administration )

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15
Q

2 WAYS FOR GIVE ( administart )GnRH analogs _________

A

Pulsatile administration&Chronic administration

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16
Q

uses of chronic administration of GnRH Agonist (mention 3) :

A

1-reduced production of gonadal steroids; Androgens &
Estrogens (chemical castration).
2-treat Precocciuos puberty
3-Hormone-dependent cancers and hyperplasias such as prostate
cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, and fibroids.

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17
Q

chemical castration methods to1- ________ by which drug 2-________

A

1-reduced production of gonadal steroids; Androgens &
Estrogens
2-(GnRH) chronic administration

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18
Q

endometriosis in GnRH agonist drugs (mechanism)

A 
Tissue similar to endometrium grows outside
the uterus (ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvis) so growth of this layer needs HIGH  levels of LH & FSH  SO when it is increase cause proliferation and thickening so we need to stope that by decrease level of FSH & LH
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19
Q

fibroids

A

Abnormal tissues

growth in uterus BY sexual hormones

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20
Q

Chronic administration Available as

A

implantable formulation

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21
Q

Adverse effects in Women (GnRH):

A

_ Hot flushes and sweating
– Diminished libido and depression
– Ovarian cysts

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22
Q

Contraindicated OF GnRH Agonist in women

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy and breast-feeding

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23
Q

Adverse effects in Men(GnRH agonist) :

A

– Hot flushes and edema
– Bone pain due to initial rise in testosterone levels
– Diminished libido
– Gynecomastia:(an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men)

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24
Q

GnRH Antagonists (names)

A

Ganirelix
Abarelix
Cetrorelix
remember relix

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25
Q

GnRH antagonists__________bind to GnRH receptors in

the pituitary gland ,blocking the release of _________from the pituitary.

A

competitively and reversibly ,LH and FSH

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26
Q

GnRH Receptor Antagonists effect in women an men

A

In men, the reduction in LH subsequently leads to rapid suppression
of testosterone release from the testes

In women, it leads to suppression of estrogen release from the ovaries.

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27
Q

LH surge found in ________ drug unlike _______ drug so it have an an immediate onset of action without initial surge

A

GnRH agonist , GnRH antagonists

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28
Q

Clinical Uses of GnRH Receptor Antagonists

A

• Prostate cancer
• Hormone-sensitive breast cancer and some benign disorders such
as endometriosis and uterine fibroids
• Some cases of infertility: Prevents premature LH surge

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29
Q

Some cases of infertility: Prevents premature LH surge treat by ________ drugs

A

GnRH ANtagonist drugs

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30
Q

Drugs that reduce _____________cause an

increase in prolactin secretion:

A

CNS dopaminergic activity ( antidopaminergics)

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31
Q

antidopaminergics drugs example

A

− Antipsychotics
− Antidepressants
− Anti-anxiety

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32
Q

Drugs that promote prolactin secretion can be used to treat _________

A

lactation failure.

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33
Q

a side effect found in antidopaminergics drugs (important in lactation )

A

hyperprolactinemia

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34
Q

Inhibition of prolactin secretion can be produced by a number of ________

A

dopamine agonists

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35
Q

Bromocriptine is a drug example for what ?

and explain the target for this drug

A

a drug that inhibits prolactin secretion (dopamine agonists)
target:
acts as an agonist of dopamine D2-receptors and an
the antagonist of D1-receptors.

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36
Q

cabergoline a potent _______agonist greater______selectivity.

A

D2

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37
Q

It is more effective in reducing hyperprolactinemia than bromocriptine

A

Cabergoline

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38
Q

Has a long half-life that permits twice-weekly dosing

A

Cabergoline

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39
Q

examples of drugs that decrease level of prolactin secretion

A

dopamine agonists :
Cabergoline
bromocriptine

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40
Q

Therapeutic uses of PIF:

A

1-in amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and
prolactin-secreting tumors
2-The correction of female infertility secondary to hyperprolactinemia
3-Treatment of Parkinson disease.

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41
Q

amenorrhea, galactorrhea can be treated by ______

A

PIF (dopamine agonists)

42
Q

Growth hormone agonists:

A

(GH, somatotropin), methionyl-growth

hormone (somatrem)

43
Q

GH Administered ________ &Half-life:________.

A

SC or IM , 25 min

44
Q

GH sufficient to induce ________by the________,is responsible for the ______.

A

IGF-1 release , liver,GH-like actions

44
Q

GH sufficient to induce ________by the________,is responsible for the ______.

A

IGF-1 release , liver,GH-like actions

45
Q

Therapeutic uses of GH:

A 
Replacement therapy in children with GH deficiency before
epiphyseal closure
Prader-Willi syndrome
Turner syndrome
treatment of cachexia and AIDS wasting
46
Q

Side effects of GH AND contraindications :

A 
• Edema
• Arthralgias and myalgias
• Flue-like symptoms
• Increase the risk of Diabetes
contraindication :• Should not be given to children with closed epiphysis
47
Q

Pegvisomant

A

the treatment of acromegaly

48
Q

Pegvisomant is administered ______

A

SC

49
Q

Pegvisomant is more selective than _________ so it use to treat acromegaly

A

octreotide

50
Q

______________of pituitary origin are not used pharmacologically.

A

FSH and LH

51
Q

Gonadotropins drugs names (HORMONS )

A

Menotropins (human menopausal gonadotropins, hMG)
Urofollitropin
Follitropin
hCG

52
Q

drug Contain a mixture of LH and FSH

A

Menotropins

53
Q

Produced by the placenta and can be isolated and purified from the
urine of pregnant women

A

hCG

54
Q

All of these hormones(hMG ,hCG…….) must be administered _________

A

parenterally (SC or IM),

55
Q

hCG USES :

A 
-gonadal steroidogenesis in
cases of LH insufficiency
-induce external sexual maturation and
spermatogenesis
-promote the descent of
the testes in cryptorchidism
-Menotropins (hMG) is used in concert with hCG to stimulate
ovulation in women with functioning ovaries
56
Q

Menotropins and hCG cause Adverse effects

A

ovarian enlargement in about 20% of treated women

57
Q

ADH causes __________at higher doses

A

vasoconstriction

58
Q

ADH stimulates the hepatic synthesis of __________ and

__________.

A

coagulation factor VIII &von Willebrand factor

59
Q

Aqueous vasopressin (Pitressin) > ADH drugs

A

short-acting preparation that acts on

both V1 and V2 receptors, is administered parenterally and lasts 2–6 hours

60
Q

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP, Stimate)

A

is a longer lasting (10–20 h)

preparation administered intranasally, parenterally, or orally

61
Q

Desmopressin treat _________

A

severe central diabetes
insipidus
nocturnal enuresis by reducing nighttime urine
production

62
Q

Vasopressin

A

substitute for epinephrine in cardiac arrest with asystole (shock)

63
Q

SIADH cause

A

hyponatremia

64
Q

vaptans

A

specific and direct therapy of SIADH

65
Q

Thyroid drugs

A

levothyroxine (L-T4), liothyronine (T3)

66
Q

Clinical use OF Thyroid drugs

A
  1. Hypothyroidism: cretinism & myxedema;

2. simple goiter

67
Q

Overdose leads to thyrotoxicosis and angina or MI (usually in ageds) in ________ drugs

A

thyriod drugs

68
Q

Thyroid drugs overdose leads to _________

A

leads to thyrotoxicosis and angina or MI (usually in ageds)

69
Q

Anti-thyroid drugs

A

Thioamides
Iodides (NaI, KI)
Radioactive iodine (131I)
β-adrenoceptor blockers

70
Q

Thioamides Pharmacological action:

A

They inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

also inhibit T4 conversion into T3

71
Q

Thioamaides have ________ on thyroglobulin already stored in the gland, as
a result the clinical effects appears________until thyroglobulin stores are
depleted.

A

no effects,slowly

72
Q

Methemazole is preferred over__________because it has a longer t1/2 (given once
daily)

A

PTU

73
Q

________ is recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy, due to a greater
risk of teratogenecity associated with __________.

A

PTU, methimazole.

74
Q

Clinical use of Thioamides

A
  • Mild hyperthyroidism and for those surgery & 131I are not permitted;
  • Operation preparation
  • Thyroid crisis (comprehensive therapy).
75
Q

Adverse effects of Thioamides

A
  • Long-term use leads to thyroid hyperplasia
  • Pruritic maculopapular rash is the most common adverse reaction
  • Agranulocytosis
76
Q

• Agranulocytosis is adverse effect of __________

A

thioamides

77
Q

Iodides (NaI, KI) Pharmacological action

A

(Wolff-Chaikoff effect): Inhibition of T3 & T4

release and synthesis.

78
Q

Decrease of size & vascularity of the hyperplastic gland

the drug is ______________

A

Iodides (NaI, KI)

79
Q

Iodides (NaI, KI) clinical use

A
  • Treatment of Thyroid Storm

* Prior to surgery (Decrease of size & vascularity of the gland)

80
Q

Adverse reactions
• Acneiform rash
• Swollen salivary glands and mucous membrane ulcerations for ___________ drugs

A

Iodides (NaI, KI)

81
Q

Adverse reactions of Iodides (NaI, KI)

A
  • Acneiform rash

* Swollen salivary glands and mucous membrane ulcerations

82
Q

131I is the only isotope for treatment of____________

A

thyrotoxicosis.

83
Q

Woman in pregnancy or lactation is forbidden!

A

Radioactive iodine (131I) contraindications

84
Q

Its therapeutic effect depends on emission of __________with an effective
half-life of _ days & a penetration range of 0.4-2 mm.

A

β rays ,5

85
Q

β-adrenoceptor blockers

A

Propranolol is the most widely studied and used.

86
Q

The absence of which pituitary hormone causes polyuria and polydipsia in diabetic patients?

a. Oxytocin.
b. Vasopressin.
c. Thyrotropin.
d. Growth hormone.

A

b-vasopressin

87
Q

Which pituitary hormone can be used intravenously to stimulate uterine contractions?

a. Prolactin.
b. Oxytocin.
c. Vasopressin.
d. Growth hormone

A

b-oxytocin

88
Q

Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted from the

a. thyroid.
b. parathyroid.
c. anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
d. posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

A

c. anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

89
Q

Which is linked to hypothyroidism?

a. Nervousness and tremors.
b. Skeletal muscle weakness and wasting.
c. Increased risk of coronary artery disease.
d. Increase in appetite with decrease in body weight

A

c. Increased risk of coronary artery disease.

90
Q 
The antithyroid drug is :
a‐ Octreotide 
b‐ Propylthiouracil 
c‐ Prednisolone 
d‐ Repaglinide 
e‐  Cinacalcet
A

b‐ Propylthiouracil

91
Q 
Leuprolide is derivative of :
a‐ FSH 
b‐  LH 
c‐  TSH 
d‐ GnRH 
e‐ Prolactin
A

d

92
Q 
I131 is used for :
a‐ Non toxix goiter 
b‐ Hashimoto’s disease 
c‐ Thyrotoxicosis 
d‐  Hypothyroidism 
e‐  Iodide deficiency
A

c‐ Thyrotoxicosis

93
Q

Vasopressin possesses the following:

a) Antidiuretic property
b) Vasodilatation property
c) Release of a thyroid hormone into the plasma
d) Diuretic property

A

a) Antidiuretic property

94
Q

Oxytocin produces the following effects:

a) It causes contraction of the uterus
b) It assists the progress of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity
c) It brings about milk ejection from the lactating mammary gland
d) All of the above

A

d

95
Q

Vasopressin causes a pressor effect by:

a) Releasing noradrenaline from the nerve terminals
b) Releasing and activating renin-angiotensin system
c) A direct action on smooth muscles of the blood vessels
d) All of the above mechanisms

A

c) A direct action on smooth muscles of the blood vessels

96
Q

Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland?

a) Thyroxine
b) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
c) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
d) Thyroglobulin.

A

a) Thyroxine

97
Q

. Thyroid hormones produce various pharmacological effects. Indicate the wrong statement(s).

a) Decline of the basal metabolic rate in the body
b) Increase in the rate and force of contraction of the heart
c) Increase in the blood cholestrol level
d) Increase in the heat production

A

a

98
Q

Indications of thyroid hormones are following, EXCEPT:

a) Cretinism
b) Myxoedema
c) Hashimoto’s disease
d) For treatment of simple obesity

A

d

99
Q

The common side effect of thyroid hormones is following:

a) Increases in basal metabolic rate
b) Angina pectoris
c) Tremors
d) Exopthalmos

A

d

100
Q

Daily administration of large doses (several milligrammes) of iodides to a thyrotoxic patient causes:

a) Involution of the thyroid which reaches a maximum in two weeks
b) Increased vascularity of the thyroid gland
c) Decreased storage of the colloid in the thyroid gland
d) Thyroid gland growing firm and less vascular

A

d

Pharma 2:) (3 decks)

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