Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2MB Endocrinology > Pituitary Disease > Flashcards

Pituitary Disease Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List the hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary

A 
ACTH
LH/FSH
TSH
GH
Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary

A

ADH

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Production of which peripheral hormone is stimulated by ACTH?

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Production of which peripheral hormone is stimulated by LH and FSH?

A

Testosterone

Estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Production of which peripheral hormone is stimulated by TSH?

A

Thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Production of which peripheral hormone is stimulated by GH?

A

IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If too much hormone is produced, what kind of test is done?

A

Suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If too little hormone is produced, what kind of test is done?

A

Stimulation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of pituitary stimulation tests

A

Insulin stress test
Prolonged glucagon test
Water deprivation test
Synthetic ACTH injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A pituitary tumour less than 1cm is called a macroadenoma. True/False?

A

False

Microadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common visual defect caused by pituitary adenoma?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dopamine inhibits production of prolactin. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drug is a dopamine antagonist that can cause excess prolactin?

A

Metoclopramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the main physiological causes of elevated prolactin

A

Breast feeding
Pregnancy
Stress
Sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypothyroidism causes elevated prolactin. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List some early clinical features of elevated prolactin

A

Galactorrhoea
Menstrual irregularity
Amennorhoea
Infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List some late clinical features of elevated prolactin

A

Impotence
Visual impairment
Headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Excess production of growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List clinical features of acromegaly

Study These Flashcards
A 
Thickened soft tissues
Hypertension
Headaches
Sleep apnoea
Hypopituitary
20
Q

What is the main treatment for acromegaly?

Study These Flashcards
A

Trans-sphenoidal surgery to excise tumour/pituitary

21
Q

What dopamine agonist can be used if surgery for acromegaly fails?

22
Q

Somatostatin analogues are useful for acromegaly. True/False?

23
Q

What causes Cushing’s syndrome?

Study These Flashcards
A

Excess cortisol

24
Q

What are the clinical effects of cortisol on protein in the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protein loss, causing:
(proximal) Muscle waisting
Osteoporosis
Thin skin

25
Cushing's can cause frontal balding in women. True/False?
True
26
What is the effect of exogenous high-dose steroid (dexamethasone) on cortisol?
Lowers serum cortisol by inhibiting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
27
What is the main screening test for Cushing's syndrome?
Low-dose (1mg) dexamethasone test overnight | Cortisol should be less than 50 nmol/L next morning
28
What is the definitive test for diagnosing Cushing's syndrome?
2 day 2mg/day dexamethasone test | Cortisol should be less than 50 nmol/L after last dose
29
What are the 3 origins of Cushing's?
Pituitary Adrenal Ectopic ACTH
30
What is the characteristic facial change in Cushing's?
Moon-face
31
Which origin of Cushing's is ACTH-independent?
Adrenal Cushing's | adenoma, carcinoma
32
A high-dose dexamethasone suppression test will not suppress adrenal or ectopic Cushing's. True/False?
True
33
What is the pituitary treatment for Cushing's?
Hypophysectomy + external radiation if recurs
34
What is the treatment for adrenal and ectopic Cushing's?
Excise source | Adrenalectomy
35
List possible drug treatment for Cushing's
Metyrapone | Pasireotide
36
List some causes of hypopituitarism
``` Tumours Granulomatous disease (TB) Trauma Autoimmune disease Infection ```
37
List clinical features of hypopituitarism
``` Menstrual irregularity Infertility/impotence Gynaecomastia Obesity Hair loss Dry skin Growth defects ```
38
What is the main hormone secreted by pituitary adenoma?
Prolactin (30%)
39
What is the most common functional pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinoma
40
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are the 2nd most common functional pituitary adenoma. True/False?
False | Probably 3rd most; GH-secreting are 2nd most common
41
What is diabetes insipidus?
ADH deficiency/resistance causing lack of water reabsorption High plasma osmolarity + urine osmolarity is low
42
What is SIADH?
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, usually from an ectopic tumour
43
What is the definitive test for diabetes insipidus?
Water deprivation test
44
How would you decipher between central (neurogenic) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Vasopressin, if they respond to the vasopressin then its central DI
45
How to calculate osmolality?
2[Na + K] + urea + glucose
46
What is a normal osmolality?
Normal = 285-295 HHS > 320

2MB Endocrinology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions