Pituitary Disorders Flashcards
(33 cards)
What areas of the brain would surround the pituitary gland
The optic charism
The internal carotid artery
The cavernous sinus (hollow space behind each eye socket)
What is effected when there is a tumour in the pituitary gland that would move upwards
Pressure on the optic charism
Vision Loss
Bi-temporal Hemi-anopia
What areadoes the pituitary gland sit in
The sella turcica
(A pocket of the sphenoid bone)
How would you investigate a pituitary tumour, what would you do when found
MRI
Test vision
Test endocrine function
REMOVE BY SURGERY
What would an MRI show
The topographical location of the tumours
The size of the tumour
For what axis’ would the dynamic blood tests be needed
The GH axis
The HPA (cortisol release) axis
Due to them having the pulsatile release
What is hypopituitarism
The pituitary Adenomas
When would have the deficiency n some of the hormones from the anterior pituitary gland
Mainly would be the GH and the LH/FSH
What is Pan-hypopituitarism
Deficiency in ALL the anterior pituitary gland hormones
If the tumour affects hypothalamic would have the reduced ADH and OT
What does a GH deficiency in adults do
The weakened muscle strength
Development of the body fat
Decreased tolerance to excersise
What does a GH deficiency do in children
Can be from the inflammation of the GHRH receptors or from the autoimmune attach on the receptors
The stunted growth
The low fetal growth
Short stature
Hypoglycaemia
Jaundice
What would happen in a TSH deficiency
Low T4 levels and no elevated TSH levels
Weight gain, slow heart rate
What would happen when have an ACTH deficiency
Low cortisol levels
Tiredness, dizziness
What is diabetes insipidus
ADH deficiency
Hypothalamus tumour
Excess excretion dilute urine (dehydration)
Polydipsia (increased thirst)
What is a prolactinoma
A prolactin secreting pituitary tumour
When >1cm: Macro-adenoma
When <1cm: Micro-adenoma
How would your treat the prolactinomas
The tablets and NOT by operating
What does dopamine do to the prolactin secretion
Dopamine is the same as prolactin inhibiting hormones
Would stop the secretion
What are the symptoms for the Prolactinoma for men and women
Women: galactorrhoea (milk discharge from breasts), mental imbalance, fertility issue s
Men: galactorrhoea (rare), Gynaecomastia (hard breast tissue),fertility issues also
What is important to check before checking for the prolactinoma
If pregnant
Check medications
What is gigantism
In children
When have the over production of the growth hormones (before the fusion of the epiphyseal plates in the long bones)
What is acromegaly
In adults when have the GH increase
The large extremities
The coarse facial features
Deep voice due to hypertrophy of the soft tissues in the airways
Severe snoring again became of the hypertrophy and obstruction of the airways
What are the biochemical tests for the acromegaly
Oral glucose tolerance test (should make GH decrease)
The growth hormone day curve
Measure the IGF1 levels
How would you treat acromegaly
The dopamine receptor agonist (reduces the GH levels)
Somatostatin analogs (man mad somatostatin)
Radiation therapy
What are the types of radiation therapy for treating acromegaly
External beams: short bursts over several weeks
Gamma knifes: high concentration beams over a single session
What is the cause of the GH deficiency in children
The gene mutation that would come with the autoimmune gland inflammation
