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EXCI360 midterm > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

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1
Q

pituitary gland

A

lies in the sella turcica
connected to the hypothalamus by pituitary stalk
anterior and posterior parts

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2
Q

6 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

A

GH
ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH
PRL

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3
Q

Other name of GH, promotes what

A

also known as somatotropin
promotes growth of entire body by affecting protein formation
cell multiplication, differentiation

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4
Q

ACTH

A

also known as corticotropin
controls secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex (cortisol), affects metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fats

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5
Q

TSH

A

also known as thyrotropin
stimulating thyroid gland to control secretion rate of t3 and t4
control the rate of intracellular chemical reaction of entire body

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6
Q

FSH

A

control growth of gonads and hormonal and reproductive activities

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7
Q

LH

A

same function as FSH

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8
Q

PRL

A

promotes mammary gland and milk production

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9
Q

posterior pituitary secretes how many hormones

A

hypothalamus synthesizes
2
ADH
oxytocin

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10
Q

ADH

A

control rate of water excretion into urine
help control water concentration in body fluids
maintain BP

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11
Q

oxytocin

A

help for delivering milk from glands of breast to the nipple during suckling
help baby delivery at the end of gestation

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12
Q

main cell types of the anterior pituitary

A

5
somatotropes
corticotropes
thyrotropes
gonadotropes
lactotropes

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13
Q

somatotropes

A

30-40%
secrete GH

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14
Q

corticotropes

A

20%
secrete ACTH

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15
Q

thyrotropes

A

3-5%
secrete TSH

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16
Q

gonadotropes

A

3-5%
secrete LH and FSH

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17
Q

lactotropes

A

3-5%
secrete PRL

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18
Q

control of post. pit.

A

nerve signals from hypoothalamus

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19
Q

control of ant. pit.

A

hormones
hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones

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20
Q

cascade of events of ant. pit. hormone secretion

A

hypothalamus receives signal from different sensory sources in the nervous system
hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones are synthesized in a special neuron in the hypothalamus
endings of these neurons connect to medial eminence in hypophysial stalk
release from these neurons into tissue fluids
hormones are absorbed into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels and are carried to the sinuses of the ant. pit.

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21
Q

hormones produced in the hypothalamus that control the release of ant. pit. secretions

A

GHRH
GHIH
CRH
TRH
GnRH
PIH

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22
Q

GHRH

A

release of growth hormone

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23
Q

GHIH

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A

inhibits release of GH

24
Q

CRH

Study These Flashcards
A

release of ACTH

25
TRH
release of TSH
26
GnRH
release of FSH and LH
27
PIH
inhibits PRL secretion
28
GH functions
promotes growth of babies promotes growth of m. in adults increase the physical size of cells increase the number of cells increase the amount of protein inside of a cell
29
3 main effects of GH
promotes protein synthesis enhancing fat as a source of energy decreases the use of glucose for energy
30
GH secretion rate is promoted by
promoted by malnutrition, starvation (low FA and glucose) promoted by exercise (after about 2h of strenuous exercise) promoted by sleep (after 2h) promoted by trauma (long surgery)
31
control of GH secretion rate
GHRH short term effect (increase release into the blood bc of Ca)/ GHIH long term effect (increase transcription in nucleus by the genes that causes new GH synthesis
32
panhypopituitarism
decreased secretion of all ant. pit. hormones congenital or during life lack of GH = abnormal growth multiple of other issues
33
dwarfism
lack of GH alone appropriate proportions no sufficient gonadotropic hormones to develop sexual function (1/3 can)
34
gigantism
too uch GH cause by tumour in pit.
35
acromegaly
acidophilic tumor after adolescence soft tissue continues to grow, bones thicker
36
aging caused by decreased secretion of GH
accelerates aging process result from decreased protein synthesis in body tissue and increased deposition of fat
37
cells composing the post. pit.
pituicytes
38
post. pit.
supporting structure for nerve fibers and nerve endings ADH synthesized in supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus oxytocin is synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus hormones bind with neurophysisns and are transported to nerve endings
39
when are hormones released in the post. pit.
when nerve impulses reach the nerve endings, hormones are released from the vesicles in the nerve endings by exocytosis
40
oxytocin
cause contraction of pregnant uterus at the end of gestation for helping with the birth of the baby cause milk to be expressed from the alveoli into the ducts
41
main purpose of ADH
maintain BP homeostasis
42
osmosis
movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration
43
solvent
liquid things get disolved in
44
selectively permeable
only allows small molecules through
45
solute
thing that dissolves in a liquid
46
dissolve
solid is absorbed by a liquid
47
concentration
amount of solute in a solvent
48
regulation of ADH secretion
by osmosis through osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus cardiovascular reflexes
49
osmoreceptors
specialized neurons in the hypothalamus that expand when the blood is dilute, contract when the blood in concentrated
50
cardiovascular reflexes
response to a decrease in BV or BP barorecpetors in atria can be excited by stretch caused by high BP, transmitted to brain to inhibit ADH secretion
51
ADH physiological function
retains water by promoting it to go in the direction of urine back into the blood
52
what separates blood from urine
luminal membrane of tubular cells
53
vasopressin
ADH but has another type of effect that happens at the same time in the body
54
pressor response
high concentration of ADH causes constriction of arterioles throughout the body to increase arterial pressure ADH has effects on arterial resistance
55
see page 24

EXCI360 midterm (9 decks)

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