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Endocrine II AH > Pituitary - Guerin > Flashcards

Pituitary - Guerin Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is Sheehan Syndrome?

A

Postpartum necrosis of the anterior pituitary

During pregnancy the ant. Pituitary enlarges twice its normal size

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3
Q

Atypical adenomas have what characteristics?

A

Elevated mitotic activity
P53 expression from TP53 mutations
More likely aggressive, invade

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4
Q

Craniopharyngiomas can bulge where?

Mutation in what?

A

Floor of 3rd ventricle and base of brain

WNT, B-catenin

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5
Q

Hyperostosis is what?

Occurs where?

In what condition?

A

Increased bone density

Spine and hips

Acromegaly

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7
Q

Pts present w/what when they have craniopharyngioma?

Children present w/what?

A

HA, visual disturbances

Growth retardation due to pituitary hypofunction and GH deficiency

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8
Q

How much of the anterior pituitary must be lost to cause hypopituitarism?

A

75%

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10
Q

What are CFs of diabetes insipidus?

A

Thirst and polydipsia
Large V of dilute urine w/low specific gravity
Hypernatremia and hyperosmolar

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12
Q

What are pts w/excess GH at INC risk of developing?

A

GI cancer

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13
Q

Prognosis of craniopharyngioma?

Can transform to what?

A

Excellent

Squamous carcinoma (very Rare)

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14
Q

What can cause pallor?

Due to what?

A

Hypopituitarism

Loss of MSH

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15
Q

What are the most common causes of SIADH?

A

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung
Drugs
CNS disorders

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17
Q

Treatment for somatotroph adenoma?

A

Surgery
Somatostatin
GH receptor antagonist

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22
Q

Nests or cords of stratified squamous epithelium w/peripheral palisading and compact, lamellar keratin is what?

A

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

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23
Q

Pituitary carcinomas are defined by what?

Most are what?

A

Metastases

Functional, commonly PRL and ACTH

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24
Q

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas occur in who?

Typically what?

What kind of reaction?

A

Children

Calcified

Brisk glial reaction

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25
Q

What causes clinical manifestations of hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and neurologic dysfunction?

A

SIADH

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26
Q

Hypopituitarism + post. Pituitary dysfunction (DI) = ?

A

Hypothalamic origin

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27
Q

What indirect pathologic conditions may cause hyperprolactinemia?

A

Renal failure

Hypothyroidism

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28
Q

Excessive ACTH by the pituitary is called what?

Otherwise what?

A

Cushing Disease

Syndrome

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30
Q

Which adenoma is most frequently found in middle-aged men and women causing mass effect and presenting w/impaired vision, HA, diplopia, or pituitary apoplexy?

A

Gonadtroph adenomas

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32
Q

When does Nelson syndrome occur?

What happens to the pt?

Study These Flashcards
A

After surgery to remove adrenal glands to tx Cushing

No hypercortisolism but does get hyperpigmentation bc of ACTH secreting adenoma

35
Q

How does primary empty sella present?

Study These Flashcards
A

Visual field defects, occasionally endocrine anomalies - hyperPRL

36
Q

Sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland, often occuring into a pituitary adenoma is what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pituitary apoplexy

37
Q

Loss of pubic hair and axillary hair in men, decreased libido and impotence indicate what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gonadotropin deficiency

38
If a patient has DI and desmopressin is given and then the pt's condition is corrected, what type of DI do they have?
Central Nephrogenic DI will NOT respond to ADH
42
Machine oil is found with what? Describe the oil
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma Cholesterol rich, thick brownish-yellow
43
Nonfunctioning adenomas typically present with what?
Mass effects, visual disturbances
44
What causes hypopituitarism in obese females w/multiple pregnancies? Mechanism?
Primary empty sella turcia syndrome Arachnoid and CSF herniate into sell and compress pituitary
47
What are the corticotrophs?
ACTH POMC MSH
48
What 2 ways to diagnose excess GH/acromegaly?
elevated serum GH and IGF-1 Failure to suppress GH after oral load of glucose
49
Papillary craniopharyngioma occurs in who? Describe morphologically
Adults Solid sheets and papillae lined by well-diferentiated squamous epithelium NO peripheral palisading, NO keratin, NO calcification
50
Craniopharyngiomas are typically what?
Cystic and sometimes multiloculated
51
Craniopharyngioma arises from what? Age distribution? Most are what?
remnants of Rathke's pouch Bimodal: 5-15 and older than 65 y/o Suprasellar
54
Lactotroph hyperplasia occurs when there is what?
Loss of dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin
56
Decreased energy and libido in men and amenorrhea in premenopausal women occurs with what adenoma? Most commonly what pituitary deficiency?
Gonadotrophs LH
58
What cell types express PIT-1?
Somato, Mammo, lactotrophs Suck My Lips PITch
61
Most common methods to treat hyperprolactinemia?
Bromocriptine (DA-agonist) | Surgery
66
What adenomas are PAS (+)? What type of adenomas are these usually?
Corticotrophs adenoma Microadenomas
67
Dystrophic calcification of psammoma bodies or a pituitary stone is found in what?
Lactotroph adenoma
68
Which type of somatotroph adenoma is monomorphic acidophilic w/STRONG reactivity on immunochemistry?
Densely granulated
69
Clinical findings seen with excess GH?
``` Gonadal dysfunction DM HTN Muscle weakness Arthritis CHF ```
72
Gonadotrophs express what TF?
SF-1 GATA-2 San Francisco 2 gays-gonads
73
HA, N, V are signs and symptoms of what?
Elevated ICP
74
Mammosomatotroph adenomas make what?
GH and PRL
77
Gigantism and acromegaly due to what adenoma cell type?
Somatotroph - GH
80
What are the mammosomatotrophs?
GH | PRL
81
Densely granulated lactotroph adenoma is what? Sparsely granulated?
Acidophilic Chromophilic
93
Galactorrhea, amenorrhea in females, sexual dysfunction and infertility due to what adenoma cell type? What ages common?
Lactotroph - PRL 20-40 y/o
94
Uniform, polygonal cells in sheets or cords with NO reticulin (ct) which shows monomorphism is describing what?
Pituitary adenoma
95
Local mass effect of the pituitary may compress what? Causes what?
Optic nerves and chiasm Bitemporal hemianopsia

Endocrine II AH (6 decks)

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