Pituitary Hormones & Drugs

Question 1

Releasing Hormone Examples

Answer 1

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH

Question 2

Stimulating Hormone Definition

Answer 2

Stimulates a gland to produce a hormone

Question 3

Stimulating Hormone Examples

Answer 3

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

Question 4

Inhibiting Hormone

Answer 4

Inhibits the release of another hormone; also known as a “statin”

Question 5

Inhibiting Hormone Examples

Answer 5

Somatostatin, DA

Question 6

Use of ACTH (Corticotropin)

Answer 6

Primarily used in diagnosis of primary/secondary adrenal insufficency

Question 7

Action of ACTH (Corticotropin)

Answer 7

Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticosteriods & androgens

Question 8

Adverse Effects of ACTH (Corticotropin)

Answer 8

Glucocorticoid-like effects (glucose production, immune system suppression); allergic rxns more likely when produced from animal sources;

Question 9

Use of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

Answer 9

Used in Growth Failure in Kids that is a result of hypopituitarism; also used in management of AIDS wasting syndrome & short bowel syndrome

Question 10

Action of Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

Answer 10

Promotes growth (indirectly), controls protein, lipid, & carb metabolism; Somatostatin used in acromegaly;

Question 11

Adverse Effects of GH (Somatotropin)

Answer 11

Increased lean body mass, bone density, & skin thickness; NOT FOR USE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CLOSED EPIPHYSES

Question 12

Use of Octreotide

Answer 12

Synthetic Somatostatin with a longer T1/2; Used in tx of acromegaly; extremely large needle & painful injection

Question 13

Use of Pegvisomant

Answer 13

Synthetic somatostatin; Last line tx of acromegaly

Question 14

Adverse effects of octreotide & pegvisomant

Answer 14

Flatulence, steatorrhea, diarrhea, and stomach pain; delayed gallbladder emptying & stones > controlled w/ diet alternations

Question 15

Action of FSH

Answer 15

Females - Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles; administration induces “superovulation”; Males - FSH critical for sperm production

Question 16

Action of LH

Answer 16

Females - Triggers ovulation; Males - stimulates testosterone production; Both - works synergistically with FSH

Question 17

Hypogonadism

Answer 17

Diminished secretion of LH or FSH resulting in a decreased sperm count in males or cessation of reproductive cycles in females

Question 18

Action of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

Answer 18

Produced by hypothalamus; essential for the release of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary

Question 19

Use of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

Answer 19

Suppress production of gonadal hormone and is useful in tx of PROSTATE CANCER, endometriosis, and precocious puberty

Question 20

Adverse effects of GnRH (Gonadorelin)

Answer 20

Women - hot flashes, sweating, decreased libido, depression, ovarian cysts CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY; Men - rise in testosterone causing bone pain, gynecomastia, & diminished libido

Question 21

Action of Prolactin

Answer 21

Lactation

Question 22

Prolactin Disorder

Answer 22

Hyperprolactinemia - excessive secretion of prolactin (numerous causes, including prolactin-secreting tumors & medication)

Question 23

Signs of Hyperprolactemia

Answer 23

Amenorrhea & galactorrhea

Question 24

Treatment for Hyperprolactemia

Answer 24

Dopamine-2 Receptor Agonist

Question 25

Use of Oxytocin

Answer 25

Stimulate uterine contractions, reinforce labor, reduce post-partnum bleeding, promote breast milk ejection

Question 26

Action of Oxytocin

Answer 26

Milk ejection; uterine contractions

Question 27

Adverse Effects of Oxytocin

Answer 27

Hypertensive crisis, uterine rupture, water retention, fetal death. AEs are RARE WITH PROPER USE!

Question 28

Contraindications of Oxytocin

Answer 28

Abnormal fetal presentation (i.e. breech), fetal distress, premature birth

Question 29

Action of ADH

Answer 29

Conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine.

Question 30

Use of ADH

Answer 30

MAJOR USE - treatment of Diabetes Insipidus (excess urine production); Also treats hypothalamic ("central") diabetes insipidus

Question 31

Adverse effects of ADH/Vasopressin

Answer 31

Water intoxication, hyponatremia, headache, bronchoconstriction, tremor

Question 32

Hypothalamic ("central") diabetes insipidus

Answer 32

deficiency in secretion of ADH from post. pit. caused by head trauma, infections, and/or tumors involving hypothalamus

Question 33

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 33

Excess urine production.

Question 34

Use of Vasopressin

Answer 34

Diabetes insipidus management of cardiac arrest and bleeding control in esophageal varices

Question 35

Cautions of Vasopressin

Answer 35

CAD, epilepsy, and asthma

Question 36

DDAVP

Answer 36

Desmopressin; synthetic analog of Vasopressin, preferred over Vasopressin. No pressor effects (no vasoconstriction); longer t1/2;

Question 37

Use of DDAVP

Answer 37

preferred for treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis; administered intranasal or orally

Question 38

Adverse effects of DDAVP

Answer 38

Nasal irritation