Pituitary/Thyroid Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is overproduction of GH caused by.
A benign pituitary tumor (adenoidal)
-overgrowth of bones and soft tissues
Acromegaly
Excessive secretion of GH
- thickening of bones and soft tissues
- high IGF; CT and MRI
- enlarged pituitary, headache, facial changes
Acromegaly care
- hypophysectomy
- radiation
Hypopituitarism
- visual changes, headaches, anosmia, seizure
- can lead to organ failure
Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone
- older adults
- hyponatremia: muscle cramps
- initial: thirst, dyspnea on exertion
- low urinary output and weight gain (no edema)
- severe: N/V, cramps, cerebral edema
- D: serum osmolality and urine output
SIAH Treatment
- mild: restrict fluid
- diuretic
- severe: IV NaCl
Diabetes insipidus
Low ADH
- central: neuro
- nephro
- psycho: thirst
Diabetes Insipidus Manifestations
- large urine output
- decrease urine gravity and osmolality
- hypernatremia
- polydipsia
- weakness
DI Treatment
- acute: hypotonic saline or dextrose
- central: demopressin, hormone replacement
- nephrogenic: low sodium diet and thiazide diuretics
- chronic: vasopressin
Goiter
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Thyroid cancer care
- M: painless, palpable nodules
- Thyroidectomy: lifelong replacement of thyroid hormones
Thyroiditis
Due to bacterial, fungal, or viral infection
-chronic autoimmune form can lead to hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
- women who are 20-40
- most common: Grave’s (hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis)
- increase in metabolism and tissue sensitivity
- abnormal eye appearance with protrusion
- intolerance to heat
Graves
- autoimmune
- risks: low iodine supply, infection, stress
- antibodies developed to TSH receptor
Thyrotoxic crisis
- hyperthyroidism complication
- tachycardia, hyperthermia, seizures, vomiting
- T: decrease thyroid hormone and treat manifestations
Hyperthyroidism treatment
- anti thyroid meds
- radioactive iodine therapy
- thyroidectomy
- beta blockers
Anti thyroid drugs
- therapy for 6-15 months
- increased rate of recurrence
- first line: PTU and methimazole
Radioactive iodine therapy
- delayed response
- treated with anti thyroids and beta blockers before and during
- post treatment hypothyroidism
- need life long thyroid hormone replacement
Surgical therapy preop
- anti thyroid and iodine
- beta blockers
Hypothyroidism
Primary: destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
Secondary: pituitary disease with low TSH secreation
-most common cause: iodine deficiency
-M: slowing of body processes, a symptomatic, intolerance to cold, hair loss
-myxedema: puffiness, masklike
What is the end result of graves and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Atrophy
Hypothyroidism treatment
- low calorie diet
- levothyroxine (monitor for angina and dysrhythmias)
