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Chemistry A-Level > PL 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

PL 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ending used when two carboxyl groups are present in a molecule

A

-dioic acid

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2
Q

name the following molecules:
- CH3COOH
-CH3CH2COOH

A
  • ethanoic acid
  • propanoic acid
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3
Q

what is the name of a molecule that consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxyl group

A
  • Benzenecarboxylic acid / Benzoic acid
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4
Q

what is the name of a molecule that consists of an arene ring attached to an -OH group

A
  • phenol
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5
Q

name:
- CH3CH2COCH3
- CH3CH2CH2COCH3

A
  • butanone
  • pentan-3-one
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6
Q

name: CH3CH2CH2CHO

A

butanal

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7
Q

which organic molecule reacts with strong bases
what is the product?
how does it react?

A
  • carboxylic acids
  • alcohols do NOT
  • form salts and water
  • carbonate ion (CO3 2-) accepts hydrogen from COOH to become CO2 and H2O
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8
Q

carboxylic acid + carbonates = ?

A

= water + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

EXPLAIN how to test for COOH

A
  • react sample with carbonates
  • solution should face because of the production of carbon dioxide
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10
Q

which molecules form salts with METALS?
and what kind of reaction is it

A
  • alcohols, carboxylic acids and phenols
  • redox reaction
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11
Q

how do you make an ester (the normal way)

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid
- its REALLY slow unless you add a catalyst
- small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid (or HCl)
- heated under reflux

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12
Q

what type of reaction is esterification

A
  • condensation reaction
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13
Q

define condensation reaction

A
  • two molecules reacting together to make a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule, usually water of HCl.
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14
Q

esterification is a reversible reaction, so how do you increase the yield of ester?

A
  • add the alcohol in excess
    OR
  • distil the water off as it formed
    (the acid catalyst also absorbs some water as it formed)
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15
Q

whats the reverse reaction of esterification called

A
  • ester hydrolysis
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16
Q

what are the physical traits of esters

A
  • they have strong sweet smells, usually floral or fruity
  • organic compounds dissolve in them
17
Q

how is an ester names

A
  • oxygen side of COO is named first AKA alcohol side
  • then carboxylic acid side AKA C side
18
Q

what a condensation polymer

A
  • polymers that are formed from condensation reaction
  • monomers must have two functional groups
19
Q

why is it harder to make esters with phenols

A
  • the OH is phenols is less reactive that the OH in alcohols
  • they need a more vigorous reactant
  • acid anhydrides are used instead of carboxylic acids
20
Q

name:
- CH3CH2NH2
- CH3CH(NH2)CH3

A
  • ethylamine
  • 2-aminopropane
21
Q

describe and explain solubility of amines

A
  • they are soluble in water
  • lone pair of electrons on nitrogen allows amine to form hydrogen bonds with water
  • amines with small alkyl groups are soluble
22
Q

why are amines with large alkyl groups insoluble

A
  • the energy needed to break the hydrogen bonds in water is more than the enthalpy change in the formation of new bonds between the alkyl group and water

Chemistry A-Level (26 decks)

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