PL - Organic functional groups Flashcards
what are amines?
organic derivates of ammonia (NH3)
a H is replaced with an R group
Structure of primary amine
R–NH2
are amines acidic or basic? how do you test it?
basic because it has a lone pair of electrons on N atom can accept protons (dative bond)
whether it turns a piece of damp red litmus blue
can confirm by reacting with a small of an acyl chloride
- if an amine white fumes of HCl given off
naming amines
- find longest alkane chain (take off final e and add -amine)
- include a no. to show which carbon the amine group is on (eg. pentan-2-amine)
- if two amine group keep final e and add -diamine (eg. hexane-2,4-diamine)
- prefixes or any other functional groups in alphabetical order
reactions of amines and acid
make an ammonium salt
general equation: RNH2 + HX —> RNH3+X-
what are amides?
carboxylic acid derivatives
functional group of amides
-CONH2
structure of primary amide
R-CONH2
structure of secondary amide
R-CONH’R’
why do amides behave differently from amines
the carbonyl group pulls electrons away from the rest of the -CONH2 group
naming amides
have the suffix -amide
primary amide = stem of carbon chain followed by amide (eg. propanamide)
secondary amide = have a prefix to describe alkyl chain attached directly to the nitrogen atom with the general formula N-alkyl- (eg. N-ethylpropanamide)
hydrolysis of amides - acidic conditions
heat with dilute acid to get a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt
H3C-CONH2 + H2O + HCl —-> H3C-COOH +NH4Cl
secondary amide –> carboxylic acid and the salt of a primary amine
hydrolysis of amides - basic conditions
heat with dilute sulfuric acid to get a carboxylate ion and ammonia gas is given off
H3C-CONH2 + NaOH —-> H3C-COO-Na+ + NH3
secondary amide —> salt of the carboxylic acid and an amine
