Placenta

Question 1

Chorionic Villi

Answer 1

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Question 2

Chorion Laeve/Smooth chorion

Answer 2

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Question 3

Chorion Frondosum

Answer 3

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Question 4

Preeclampsia: what is it, why it’s important to know, what causes it.

Answer 4

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Question 5

When does regression of certain villi occur

Answer 5

7.5 weeks

Question 6

Other name for trophecotderm

Answer 6

Cytotrophoblasts

Question 7

Syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 7

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Question 8

Primary Villi

Answer 8

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Question 9

Secondary Villi

Answer 9

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Question 10

Tertiary Villi

Answer 10

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Question 11

Order of cell type/layers of placenta

Answer 11

Syncytiotrophoblast -> Trophectoderm -> Extraembryonic mesemchymal cells.

Question 12

Anchoring Villi

Answer 12

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Question 13

Transformed spiral arteries

Answer 13

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Question 14

Endovascular trophoblast

Answer 14

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Question 15

SGA/IUGR: What causes them and what are the consequence

Answer 15

Small for gestational age/ Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Mostly from poor fetal nutrition/lack of O2 supply

• > Inadequate depth of endovascular trophoblast?
• > Not enough transformed spiral arteries??

Question 16

Trophoblast plug: Purpose and consequence

Answer 16

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Question 17

Function of placenta

Answer 17

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Question 18

Histiotrophic nutrition

Answer 18

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Question 19

Structural change of placenta

Answer 19

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Question 20

Decidua Basalis

Answer 20

Decidua underlying implantation site

Question 21

Decidua Capsularis

Answer 21

Overlies implantation site

Question 22

Decidua Peritalis

Answer 22

Surrounds remaining uterus

Question 23

Placental Membranes

Answer 23

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Question 24

Umbilical membranes and conents

Answer 24

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Question 25

Whartons Jelly

Answer 25

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Question 26

Bohr effect

Answer 26

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Question 27

Functions of amniotic fluid

Answer 27

1) Buyoant medium for symmetrical growth 2) Protection from mild trauma 3) Prevents fetus adhesion to membranes (amniotic) 4) Allows fetal movement for muscle development 5) Allows foetal GI development (swallowing)

Question 28

Source of amniotic fluid

Answer 28

1) Maternal blood ultrafiltrate | 2) Urine from baby (500-1200mls/day)

Question 29

Loss of amniotic fluid

Answer 29

1) Foetal Swallowing (500-1000mls/day) | 2) Skin absorbtion prior to keratinization

Question 30

Polyhydramnios

Answer 30

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Question 31

Oligohydramnios

Answer 31

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Question 32

Placenta prevents transmission of:

Answer 32

Measles HepB Malaria

Question 33

Placenta does not prevent transmission of:

Answer 33

Rubella HIV CMV

Question 34

Betamethasone

Answer 34

Drug given to fetus via mother | Prevents respiratory distress syndrome

Question 35

Harmful drugs to fetus

Answer 35

Thalidomide - In early gestation 20-70 days after LMP during organogenesis - Causes limb reduction in babies

Question 36

Some general drugs contraindicated in pregnancy:

Answer 36

Alcohol, crosses placenta and can cause foetal alcohol syndrome Warfarin, causes growth abnormalities. Recreational drugs, can cause IUGR.

Question 37

hCG what is it

Answer 37

Gonadatropin similar a units different b unit.

Question 38

What are hCG tests show?

Answer 38

If pregnant If twins? (hCG porportional to amount of syncytiotrophoblasts) Health of embryo/foetus

Question 39

Functions of hCG:

Answer 39

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Question 40

Where is progesterone synthesised in humans?

Answer 40

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Question 41

How is PG synthesised in placent:

Answer 41

LDL-Cholesterol. Placenta has LDL-uptake receptors on surface.

Question 42

Functions of PG

Answer 42

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Question 43

Oestrogens in gestation, how are they produced?

Answer 43

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Question 44

Where does placental estrogen and progesterone end up?

Answer 44

Mostly in maternal blood >85%

Question 45

What causes pre eclampsia and whats treatment?

Answer 45

Triggered by something in placenta, delivery of placenta corrects hypertension and proteinuria.

Question 46

Cardiac adaptations of pregnancy

Answer 46

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Question 47

Causes and differentials of cardiac adaptations

Answer 47

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Question 48

Haematological changes of pregnancy

Answer 48

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Question 49

What increases risk of preeclampsia

Answer 49

A new partner and first pregnancy | Sexual intercourse with same partner for 12 months decreases risk of pre eclampsia.

Question 50

Immune system in pregnancy/placenta.

Answer 50

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Question 51

Abdominal wall and skin adaptations.

Answer 51

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