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Placenta & Fetal Membranes Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

The placenta is the primary site of what?

A

Nutrients and gas exchange between the mother and fetus

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2
Q

The placenta is what kind of organ

A

Fetomaternal

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3
Q

What are the two components of the fetomaternal organ or placenta

A

1) A fetal part that develops from the chorionic sac

2) A maternal part that is derived from the endometrium

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4
Q

What constitute the fetal membranes?

A

The chorion, amnion, yolk sac and allantois

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5
Q

The fetal membranes delvelop from what?

A

The zygote

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6
Q

The fetal membranes do not participate in the formation of what? Except for which parts?

A

The embryo or fetus.

Except for parts of the yolk sac and allantois

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7
Q

Part of the yolk sac is incorporated into what? As what?

A

Into the embryo as the primordium of the gut

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8
Q

The allantois forms what?

A

A fibrous cord

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9
Q

What is the fibrous cord (formed by the allantois) called in a fetus?

A

Urachus

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10
Q

What is the fibrous cord (formed by the allantois) called in an adult?

A

Median umbilical ligament

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11
Q

The fibrous cord extends from what to what?

A

From the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

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12
Q

What separates the fetus from the endometrium of the uterus

A

The fetal part of the placenta and the fetal membranes

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13
Q

The interchange of what occurs between the maternal and fetal blood streams through what?

A

Nutrients & oxygen occurs

The placenta

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14
Q

The vessels in the umbilical cord connect what?

A

The placental circulation with the fetal circulation

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15
Q

The placenta and fetal membranes perform what functions and activities?

A
  • Protection
  • Nutrition
  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Hormone production
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16
Q

Decidua refers to what?

A

The gravid endometrium

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17
Q

What is the gravid endometrium?

A

The functional layer of the endometrium in a pregnant woman

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18
Q

What are the 3 regions of the decidua (named according to their relation to the implantation site)?

A

The decidua basalis
The decidua capsularis
The decidua parietalis

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19
Q

The decidua basalis is what part of the decidua?

A

Deep to the conceptus that forms the maternal part of the placenta

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20
Q

The decidua capsularis is what part of the decidua?

A

The superficial part overlying the conceptus

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21
Q

The decidua parietalis is what part of the decidua?

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A

All the remaining parts of the decidua

22
Q

In response to increasing progesterone levels in the maternal blood, the connective tissue cells of the decidua do what?

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A

Enlarge to form pale-staining decidual cells

23
Q

Decidual cells enlarge as what accumulates in their cytoplasm

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A

Glycogen and Lipid

24
Q

The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the what as the blastocyst implants constitute the decidual reaction

25
Decidual regions, clearly recognizable during ultrasonography, are important in what?
Diagnosing early pregnancy
26
When are the anatomical arrangements necessary for physiological exchanges between the mother and her embryo established
By the end of the third week
27
A complex vascular network is established in the placenta when, which facilitates what?
by the end of the fourth week maternal-embryonic exchanges of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products
28
Chorionic villi covers what until when?
the entire chorionic sac the beginning of the eighth week
29
As this sac grows, the villi associated with the decidua capsularis are what?
Compressed, reducing the blood supply to them.
30
These villi soon degenerate, producing a relatively what?
Avascular bare area, the smooth chorion.
31
As the villi disappear, those associated with the decidua basalis rapidly what?
Increase in number, branch profusely, and enlarge
32
The bushy part of the chorionic sac is what?
The villous chorion
33
Growth in the size and thickness of the placenta continues rapidly until when?
The fetus is about 18 weeks old (20 weeks' gestation)
34
The fully developed placenta covers how much of the decidua and weighs about how much?
15 to 30% One-sixth that of the fetus
35
Name the 2 parts of the placenta
1. The fetal part | 2. The maternal part
36
The fetal part of the placenta is formed by?
Villous chorion
37
The chorionic villi that arise from the villous chorion is projected into what?
Intervillous space containing maternal blood
38
The maternal part of the placenta is formed by?
the decidua basalis, the part of the decidua related to the fetal component of the placenta
39
By the end of the fourth month, the decidua basalis is almost entirely replaced by what?
the fetal part of the placenta
40
Cytotrophoblastic shell
the external layer of trophoblastic cells on the maternal surface of the placenta
41
The fetal part of the placenta (villous chorion) is attached to the maternal part of the placenta (decidua basalis) by what?
The cytotrophoblastic shell
42
The what attach firmly to the decidua basalis through the what and anchor the chorionic sac to the decidua basalis?
Chorionic villi Cytotrophoblastic shell
43
Endometrial arteries and veins pass freely through what and open into the what?
Gaps in the cytotrophoblastic shell Intervillous space
44
Poorly oxygenated blood leaves the fetus and passes through what to the placenta
the two umbilical arteries
45
These arteries divide into several radially disposed chorionic arteries that branch freely in the chorionic plate before entering the chorionic villi where
At the site of attachment of the cord to the placenta
46
The blood vessels form an extensive arterio-capillary-venous system within the chorionic villi, which brings what and where
The fetal blood extremely close to the maternal blood
47
There is normally no intermingling of what?
Fetal and maternal blood
48
However, very small amounts of fetal blood may enter the maternal circulation when what?
Minute defects develop in the placental membrane
49
The well-oxygenated fetal blood in the fetal capillaries passes into what that follow the chorionic arteries to the site of what?
thin-walled veins attachment of the umbilical cord
50
The fetal veins converge to form what?
One umbilical vein
51
This large vessel carries oxygen-rich blood to the fetus
Umbilical vein

Embryology (3 decks)

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