Places and Regeneration Flashcards
(76 cards)
Define place
Geographical spaces shaped by individuals + communities over time
Define rural-urban continuum
Unbroken transition from sparsely populated or unpopulated, remote rural places to densely populated, intensively used urban places
Define and give examples of regeneration
(Place making) long-term upgrading of existing places or more drastic renewal schemes for urban residential, retail, industrial + commercial areas, as well as rural areas
E.g. knocking down derelict buildings + rebuilding, improving existing buildings + areas, changing image of place through rebranding + re imaging
Define and give Examples of primary sector
Extraction of raw materials from the ground or sea
Fishing, farming, miners
E.g. Cornwall
Define and give Example of secondary sector
Manufacturing + processing of raw materials into goods
Factory worker e.g. manufacturing, food processing
E.g. Birmingham
Define and give Examples of tertiary sector
Service sector, including tourism + banking
Teacher, doctor, banking, tourism, education, healthcare
Everywhere
Define and give examples of quaternary
High tech research + design
IT, media, high-tech R&D
London or Cambridge
describe how the economy has changed from 1841 to 2011
In 1841 the main employment sector was secondary (36%), followed by tertiary (33%) and lasty primary (22%). Whereas, in 2011 top was tertiary (81%), then Secondary (9%), Primary (1%). This shows there has been a huge increase of employment in the tertiary sector between 1841 - 2011.
Explain the different employment types
•employees with contracts (permanent or fixed; in 2015 18.4 million people had full-time contracts + 9 million part-time contracts (a growing trend)
•workers (agency staff + volunteers)
•Self-employed (freelancers, consultants + contractors)
•skilled
•unskilled
•supervisory
•management
•employment
•part-time (contract v ‘gig’)
•full-time
•zero hour contract
explain how globalisation has changed employment patterns in the UK
Globalisation has caused an increase in quinary employment in the UK - better education So people can access these higher paid + skilled jobs. And a decrease in primary + Secondary employment - moved to LIC’s
Explain Successful place
•low levels of deprivation
•good services
•high wages
•good education
•good healthcare
•high life expectancy
•leisure
•tourism
•accessible
•transport
•attractive
•low crime
•no homelessness
•well kept buildings
•people + investments drawn to area
•however: causes overheated property prices, congestion of reads and public transport, skill shortages
•different perception of residents: young vs retired, skilled vs unskilled, rural vs urban
•examples: Palo Alto and Silicon Valley
State the difference between space and place
Space:
•abstract
•independent/freedom
•undifferentiated/open
•movement
Place:
•known
•attachment, security
•stable, ‘value’ laden
3 ways employment type affects a place
•types of buildings
•shops/services
•housing
Define and give examples of quinary
Knowledge management and consultancy, leadership + CEOs
London or south east England
Identify location of life expectancy and earnings in the UK + trends
High earning in south
Lower earnings in middle + south west
High life expectancy in south
Lower life expectancy in north
Positive correlation - higher earnings, higher life expectancy
Successful v unsuccessful place examples
Successful: Berkshire or Oxford
Unsuccessful: Middlesbrough
Regeneration case studies - UK
East Manchester:
•improve housing, education + economy, improve environment
•the legacy of the 2002 Commonwealth Games
•investment by ADUG + Metro-Link extension
Grampound (mid-Cornwall):
•Community shop
Factors affecting sustainability of the plan
•economic environment
•community engagement
•cost
•government priorities
•existing conditions
•demographics (age, ethnicity, education, health)
Objective of regeneration
To create socially, economically + environmentally sustainable communities
Who decides regeneration plan
Stakeholders including local, national governments, communities + business
4 different localities
•sink estates
•gated communities
•commuter villages
•declining rural settlements
Define civic engagement
The ways that people participate in their community in order to improve the quality of life or shape the future
What affects levels of engagement
Wealth, age, religion, length of residence, ethnicity, gender, anti-establishment, in temporary housing
Define lived experience
Depend on family situation, family culture, educational experience, life cycle, living spaces + personal interests - these affect their judgments about places + situations + lead to the perceptions, views + opinions