Planet Earth 1-3

Question 1

What is a rock made of?

Answer 1

One or more minerals

Question 2

What is a mineral made of?

Answer 2

One element, making a pure substance.
2 or more elements making a compound.

Question 3

What is the mohs hardness scale?

Answer 3

Scale of minerals with a hardness value from 1-10.

Question 4

What is the softest mineral on the mohs hardness scale?

Answer 4

Talc

Question 5

What is the hardest mineral on the mohs hardness scale?

Answer 5

Diamond

Question 6

How would you use the mohs hardness scale to test an unknown substance?

Answer 6

You would scratch it with one of the items on the scale

Question 7

What are crystals?

Answer 7

Building blocks of minerals.
Occur naturally.
Have straight edges, flat sides, and regular angles.
Most grow in 6 shapes.

Question 8

What is Lustre?

Answer 8

How shiny an object is.
(How much light reflects of it’s surface)

Question 9

What is the difference between metallic and non metallic Lustre?

Answer 9

Metallic Lustre shines like a metal surface, while nob metallic Lustre has a duller shine.

Question 10

What is streak?

Answer 10

The colored powder left when rubbing a mineral on a surface

Question 11

What can you use to test streak?

Answer 11

An unglazed porcelain tile

Question 12

What number on the mohs hardness scale wouldn’t leave a streak?

Answer 12

7+ because they are harder than the tile, and need to be crushed into a powder

Question 13

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

Answer 13

Cleavage is breaking along smooth, flat surfaces
Fracture is breaking with rough or jagged edges

Question 14

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 14

Magma is melted rock ound beneath the Earth’s crust
Lava is when magma breaks through the Earth’s surface

Question 15

What is intrusive rock?

Answer 15

When magma cools and hardens below Earth’s surface

Question 16

What is extrusive rock?

Answer 16

When lava cools and hardens above Earth’s surface

Question 17

What are sedimentary rocks made of?

Answer 17

Sediments

Question 18

What is stratification?

Answer 18

Arrangement in visible layers

Question 19

What is compaction?

Answer 19

Each layer being squeezed together by the wight of the layers above

Question 20

What is cementation?

Answer 20

Minerals dissolve in water forming natural cement to stick large pieces together

Question 21

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 21

Shale, sandstone, and conglomerate.

Question 22

What is shale formed from?

Answer 22

Formed from grains of clay or mud

Question 23

What is sandstone?

Answer 23

Harder, rougher rock formed from larger granules of sand

Question 24

What is conglomerate made of?

Answer 24

Rounded pebbles and small stone cemented together

Question 25

What does metamorphic rock mean?

Answer 25

Changed rock

Question 26

What is parent rock?

Answer 26

Another type of rock that, through extremely high pressure and heat below the Earth's surface, will change

Question 27

What paths of the rock cycles could igneous rock take?

Answer 27

It could crystallize into metamorphic rock. It could weather/erode into sediments.

Question 28

What paths of the rock cycle could metamorphic rock take?

Answer 28

It could melt into magma. It could weather/erode into sediments

Question 29

What paths of the rock cycle could sedimentary rock take?

Answer 29

It could undergo heat and pressure, turning into metamorphic rock. It could weather/erode into sediments.

Question 30

What is compost?

Answer 30

Decaying matter

Question 31

What is humus?

Answer 31

Dark colored portion of soil

Question 32

Where is generally fertile soil found?

Answer 32

Near rivers

Question 33

What is a soil profile?

Answer 33

How the layers of soil are divided

Question 34

What is erosion?

Answer 34

The movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another

Question 35

What is mechanical weatheri ng?

Answer 35

The physical break up or disintegration of rocks

Question 36

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 36

Breaks down minerals through chemical reactions

Question 37

What is biological weathering?

Answer 37

The physical or chemical break down of rock cause by living organisms

Question 38

What are the 4 agents of erosion?

Answer 38

Glaciers, gravity, wind, water

Question 39

What are moraines?

Answer 39

Pile up of sediments on the edge of glacial path

Question 40

What are erratics?

Answer 40

Large rocks left behind