Planet Earth Key Terms

Question 1

Rock

Answer 1

Made up of more than one material

Question 2

Mineral

Answer 2

A pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline material

Question 3

Crust

Answer 3

The outermost layer of the Earth

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

A pure substance

Question 5

Mohs Hardness Scale

Answer 5

A scale that measures the hardness of minerals

Question 6

Crystals

Answer 6

The building block material; crystals occur naturally

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

The shine of a mineral

Question 8

Color

Answer 8

The color of a mineral

Question 9

Streak

Answer 9

When a mineral is rubbed across a porcelain tile it leaves a streak

Question 10

Cleavage

Answer 10

Minerals that break on smooth or flat surfaces

Question 11

Fracture

Answer 11

Minerals that break on rough or jagged surfaces

Question 12

Igneous Rock

Answer 12

When magma or lava cools or solidifies

Question 13

Magma

Answer 13

Melted rock under the crust

Question 14

Lava

Answer 14

Melted rock above the crust

Question 15

Intrusive Rock

Answer 15

Magma cools and hardens

Question 16

Extrusive Rock

Answer 16

Lava cools and hardens

Question 17

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 17

When loose material is compacted into sediments

Question 18

Sediment

Answer 18

Loose material such as bits of rock, minerals and plant or animal matter

Question 19

Stratification

Answer 19

the arrangement of sedimentary rock in visible layers

Question 20

Compaction

Answer 20

Takes a long time and requires pressure and water and other sediments

Question 21

Cementation

Answer 21

A process by which particles are held together by

another material

Question 22

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 22

a type of rock made when high pressure and heat

act on another type of rock and change it into a new form

Question 23

Mantle

Answer 23

The middle layer of the Earth

Question 24

Outer Core

Answer 24

The layer between the mantle and the core

Question 25

Inner Core

Answer 25

The center of the Earth

Question 26

Continental Drift

Answer 26

The movement of the continents

Question 27

Sea Floor Spreading

Answer 27

The process in which the a ocean floor slowly increases due to the making of new igneous rock

Question 28

SONAR

Answer 28

Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is used to study the surface at the bottom of the ocean

Question 29

Plates

Answer 29

Large sections of the Earths crust

Question 30

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer 30

These plates are always moving due to convection currents

Question 31

Converging Plates

Answer 31

Tectonic plates coming together

Question 32

Diverging Plates

Answer 32

Tectonic plates being pulled apart

Question 33

Evidence of Continental Drift

Answer 33

Biological evidence, Geological evidence and similarities in rocks

Question 34

Convection Currents

Answer 34

The hottest magma in the Mantle rising and sliding against the tectonic plates moving them

Question 35

Subduction Zones

Answer 35

When two plates converge, one is shoved underneath the other

Question 36

Seismograph

Answer 36

A machine the measures seismic waves

Question 37

Bedrock

Answer 37

Solid rock underlying loose deposits

Question 38

Richter Scale

Answer 38

A scale that shows the magnitude of a earthquake

Question 39

Seismic Waves

Answer 39

A wave produced by a earthquake

Question 40

Primary Waves

Answer 40

Fastest, least amount of damage, pass through all liquid/solid/gas

Question 41

Secondary Waves

Answer 41

Medium damage, medium speed, pass through solids

Question 42

Surface Waves

Answer 42

Largest damage, slow speed, pass through solids

Question 43

Focus

Answer 43

Where earthquake occurs. Under the Earths crust

Question 44

Fault

Answer 44

Rock is under pressure if the pressure causing the rock to bend or stretch and if the pressure is too great and the rock breaks, that creates a fault

Question 45

Normal Faults

Answer 45

Diverging, tension, valleys will form

Question 46

Reverse Faults

Answer 46

Converging, compression (subdution zones)

Question 47

Strike-Slip Fault or Transform Fault

Answer 47

Shear, stretch and twist

Question 48

Aftershocks

Answer 48

A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake

Question 49

Epicenter

Answer 49

Right above the focus on the Earths surface

Question 50

Vents

Answer 50

Openings in volcanoes

Question 51

Dormant

Answer 51

When a volcano is inactive

Question 52

Ring of Fire

Answer 52

This is the name of the ring of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

Question 53

Anticline

Answer 53

Top part of a fold ( mountains )

Question 54

Syncline

Answer 54

Bottom part of fold ( mountains )

Question 55

Thrust Faulting

Answer 55

When low angling rock is thrust together

Question 56

Fault Blocking

Answer 56

When plates diverge and blocks of rock fall creating valleys

Question 57

Complex Mountains

Answer 57

A variety of types of mountains

Question 58

Petrified

Answer 58

When water penetrates the bones of dead animal matter turning it into a rock like substance

Question 59

Carbonaceous Film

Answer 59

Type of fossil found in any rock when organic material is compressed, leaving only a thin carbon film

Question 60

Cast

Answer 60

Type of fossil in which sediments are formed a mould and hardened into rock

Question 61

Mould

Answer 61

A mould is a cavity left in a rock from the original remains

Question 62

Trace Fossils

Answer 62

Evidence of activity

Question 63

Original Remains

Answer 63

Part of organism preserved in resin or ice