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Science > Planet Earth Topic 4-10 > Flashcards

Planet Earth Topic 4-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five layers of the earth

A
  1. Crust cool out most lure
  2. Upper mantle diols and together
  3. lower mantel partly melted consistency of taffy
  4. Outer core contains iron,nickel and is liquid
  5. Inner core sphere temperature of 6000*c
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2
Q

Who is Alfred Wegener

A

He is a scientist who thought all the contents were connected a really long time ago

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3
Q

What is some evidence Wegener used to support his theory

A

There are similarities in rock samples on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean also similar fossils found in the Himalayan mountains

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4
Q

What dose sonar mean when is it used

A

It stands for SOUND NAVIGATION AND RANGE bats use sonar to help nave hat through the dark if the night

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5
Q

Scientists used sonar what did they find out about oceans

A

Scientists found mountains on the ocean floor using sonar

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6
Q

What is the mid Atlantic ridge

A

A giant magnetic field that is in the middle of the ocean

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7
Q

What is the the theory of the sea floor spreading

A

They thought the sea floor was spreading the ocean floors ridges and rocks where getting farther apart

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8
Q

Define Diverging plates

A

Two or more plates move away from each other

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9
Q

Converging plates

A

Two or more plates colliding

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10
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics

A

Evidence that earth crust is move

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11
Q

Who is Tuzo Wilson

A

A Canadian scientists who contributed to our understanding of the earths crust

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12
Q

What are convection currents?

A

A convention current is the flow result from the rise of warming materials and the sinking of cooler material scientist call the places where the two plates collide convergent or collision boundaries although they move too slowly for us to notice each movement affects other plates

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13
Q

When do you subduction zones occur

A

Scientist suggest that subduction zones form when convection current cools and sinks. The same process might be occurring in Earth’s mantle creating the force behind plate tectonics

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14
Q

Could the convection currents cause the Atlantic Ocean to widen

A

Convection currents might be causing the Alantic ocean to widen at the mid Atlantic Ridge

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15
Q

Who is a seismologist

A

Seismologist study earthquake by reading seismograph this report is printed out it’s called a richer scale

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16
Q

What is a seismograph

A

A seismograph is the special tools scientist use to measure earthquakes inside the seismograph has a pen when the bedrock moves a pen draws how big the earthquake is

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17
Q

What is a Richter scale

A

Describes the magnitude of an earthquake

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18
Q

Describe seismic waves

A

Energy Waves that travel out words from the source

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19
Q

What does aftershock mean

A

smaller earthquake that can cause buildings to collapse

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20
Q

Primary wave

A

Last for about one minute travel through the centre of the earth quake rattles dishes

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21
Q

Secondary wave

A

Lasts about 1 1/2 minutes slower than primary wave passes through glass

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22
Q

Surface waves

A

Last about six minutes for slowest of the three breaks apart roads and buildings

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23
Q

Why is it important to know that some waves go through liquids and others do not

A

If he can go through a liquid it can cause tsunami’s

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24
Q

Is it possible to determine the location between primary and secondary Waves?

A

It is possible to determine the location of an earthquake by the distance between primary and secondary Waves. The farther apart they are the farther away the earth. Quake is

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25
What does focus mean
It's where the earthquake begins
26
Is the epic centre
The epic centre is right above the focus
27
What is the earths crust under
The earths crust is under pressure from tremendous force is causing rocks to bend or stretch
28
What is the normal fault
Tension is the force that causes stretching. In places where plates are moving apart, the tension can pull rocks apart and create a normal fall. In this type of fault, rock above the fault moves downward
29
What is the reverse fault
Compression is a force or stress that squeezes or compresses. In places where the rock is squeezed by the movement of the plates to compression can cause rocks to bend or break. In this type of fault, rock above the fault, is forced up and over the rock below the fault
30
What is a strike slip or transform faults
Shear is a force that causes slipping. In places where plates are moving sideways pass each other, the rock along the edges has many bulges and bumps in it.
31
Why does rigid structure break during earth quacks?
Rigid structures made of bricks or solid concrete break during the earthquake because they have very little flexibility
32
What is a tsunami
Some earthquakes happen under the sea. The water displaced by the earthquake can become a huge wave called tsunamis
33
What do you volcanos release when they become active.?
Volcanos become active they release ash dormant steam lava and smoke
34
What is the ring of fire?
This is the name of a ring a volcano surrounding the Pacific ocean. Most of the volcanos occur at subduction zones
35
Name three famous volcanos
1. Mount St. Helens is in Washington 1980 2. Kilauea is in Hawaii 3. Mount Vensuvius is in southern Italy Pompeii
36
What is a subduction zone?
A subduction zone is where rocks move deeper and deeper until it melts
37
Are there volcanos on other planets other than her own?
Yes there are volcanos on Mars, Jupiter and our moon, Venus
38
When do volcanos erupt
Volcanos irrupt one pressure builds up lava earthquakes causes pressure buildup underground
39
How do sedimentary rocks form? What does cordillera mean
Sedimentary rocks are made by compaction and cementation of loose sediments frozen together
40
Most mountains are large areas that have been of uplifted how did this happen?
Tectonic plates pushing against each other
41
Describe anticline
Top part of folding rocks
42
Describe Syncline
Bottom of the folding rocks example folding skin on hand
43
Which way do rocks move?
Rock movement can be horizontal or vertical. Sometimes faults can accrue in the Rocky Mountains. Some faults have moved over 400 km
44
What is the thrust faulting mountain
They're all angled faulting rock squeeze together
45
What's the fault blocking mountain
Rock layers getting pulled in opposite directions large blocks slide down words forming peaks and valleys
46
What are complex mountains
Complex mountains have a mix of all types of the mountain folds thrust and even volcanos
47
What is the difference between a young mountain and an old mountain?
A young has sharp jagged edges. While an old mountain has a smooth rounded surface. Example think of pencils
48
What is a trilobite
They date back to 200 to 4,000,000 years ago live in warm ocean water there are now extict there the most famous group of fossils
49
What do fossils provide?
Fossils provide clues about when life began, and when plants and animals first lived on land.when can study fossils to learn when dinosaurs flourished and also disappeared
50
What part of an animal decays quickly
Soft parts such as Tish you organs muscles. They are rarely found in fossils example of one it is found is when they're frozen woolly mammoth baby
51
How do you bones become petrified
Bones become petrified when water penetrates the bones of a dead animal the water dissolves the calcium carbonate in the bones I deposit a very hard mineral silica remains turning the bones into purified rock like substance
52
What is the carbonaceous film?
A type of fossils found in sedimentary rocks when organic matter is compressed leaving a carbon film
53
What is the difference between original remains and trace fossils
Original remains 01 actual parts of the organism is preserved. These are very rare example woolly mammoth an insect in rationtrace fossils are evidence of animal activity example wormhole footprints borough
54
What is a cast
A type of fossil in with sediments from minerals are formed animal then harden into a rock. I cast is a general form of the original organism
55
What is a mould
A mould is a cavity left in a rock from the original remains
56
What is the principle of supper position
To determine the relative age of a rock top layeryoungest bottom layer of the oldest
57
Define strata
Layers of sedimentary rocks layered overtime
58
What is relative dating
Defined the order in which events occur scientist determine the relative age of rocks by examining the position in the strata
59
Fossils are used to determine what
Are fossils used to determine the relative age of the layer of rock is called index fossils
60
Describe the geological timescale
Is a division of earths history into smaller units based on appearance of a different life form
61
What is a eon
Largest division on the geological timescale
62
Describe eras
Eons divid to era is the second largest group on the geological timescale
63
What is a period
Ears go into periods the smallest group on the geological timescale
64
What is fossil fuel
Under heat and pressure soft parts of plants and animals become fossil fuel
65
What's a bitumen
It's a heavy almost solid form of petroleum

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