Planmaking Flashcards
1
Q
What is included in subdivision regulations?
A
1)land recordation, 2)local design and construction standards for improvements and lots, 3)dedication requirements in the form of land or cash-in-lieu, 4)use of developer’s impact fees, 5)the institution of growth management controls.
2
Q
What is described as a device to provide flexibility within the zoning ordinance and are based on the idea that certain types of uses are permissible in a zoning district under certain circumstances? Aka conditional use permits or special exceptions
A
special use permit
3
Q
Subdivider’s financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development
A
exactions
4
Q
Work Breakdown Structure is used to be a more detailed way to describe the project in the planning process of the project. The key points are:
A
- keep the deliverable in mind
- start general and work to more specific
- use the verb and object format
- have statements that are short and precise
- apply a consistent and simple numbering system
- its size and complexity is determined by the project
- it identifies all the work that must be performed to meet objectives and only necessary tasks
- Discussed by Terry Clark in his book project management for planners: a practical guide
5
Q
What is defined as the difference between the budgeted cost of a project and the actual cost spent to date?
A
cost variance
6
Q
Developers dedicating a certain amount of open space for the creation of park land in their new development is an example of what?
A
Exaction
7
Q
On july 20,2002 about 5,000 New Yorkers gathered in Manhattan to participate in a modern town meeting called what?
A
Listening to the City
8
Q
What type of regulation includes impact fees, growth management controls and land regulation?
A
subdivision regulation
9
Q
This is a form of administrative relief from an ordinance that is based upon “unnecessary hardships”
A
Variance
10
Q
Variances are usually granted by what two departments?
A
board of adjustment or board of zoning appeals
11
Q
When planners are involved in managing a planning project, the skill of monitoring the project is extremely important. What is the term of a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan?
A
earned value
12
Q
When was the Endangered species act passed?
A
1973
13
Q
what did the endangered species act of 1973 authorize federal government to do?
A
The endangered species act of 1973 authorized federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangered plant and animal species.
14
Q
In 1991, what family asked the City of Tigard, Oregon for a permit in order to double the size of their electrical and plumbing supply store, and were asked by the city to dedicate part of their land to the city?
A
Dolan family
15
Q
What did the housing act of 1937 entail?
A
the housing act of 1937 set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low cost housing. Aka (Wagner-steagall)
16
Q
In 1928, the Us department of commerce issued what act?
A
Standard city planning enabling act
17
Q
What six subjects did the standard city enabling cover?
A
- the organization and power of the planning commission, which was directed to prepare and adopt a “master plan”
- the content of the master plan for the physical development of the territory
- provision for adoption of a master street plan by the governing body
- provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
- control of private subdivision of land
- provision for the establishment of a regional planning commission and a regional plan
18
Q
Who was Robert Weaver?
A
HUD’s first secretary and first African-American cabinet member
19
Q
What act opened the lands of the public domain to settlers for five years of residence and for a nominal fee?
A
Homestead act 1862
20
Q
Where and when was the first regional planning commission was created?
A
Los Angeles County in 1922
21
Q
This Supreme Court case state that government action designed to stop serious harm does not constitute a taking even where it destroys the value of the property
A
Keystone Bituminous Coal Association vs. Debenedictis
22
Q
The city of Los Angeles vs. taxpayers for Vincent involved what issue and which amendment?
A
signage and the first amendment
23
Q
What case was the first us supreme court decision to hold that a land use restriction constituted a taking if it “went to far”? and What year?
A
Pennsylvania Coal Co. vs. Mahon 1922
24
Q
What is Edward Bassett considered to be and why?
A
Father of zoning, author of Zoning (1916), the concept of a comprehensive zoning code
25
What act was a part of President Johnson’s “great society” program in 1966 and what did it do?
The 1966 Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act which started an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty, called the “model cities” program which also included a historic preservation program
26
What 1966 book critiques the planning profession and planners?
The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs
27
What do many considered Fredrick Law Olmsted’s greatest example of a suburb?
Riverside, Illinois
28
What are 4 important points of the Riverside suburb?
a. original plan encompassed a 1600 acres community but only developed 1000 acres
b. it was along the Des Plaines River west of Chicago
c. it secured enough space for recreation ad scenic areas
d. avoided the use of right angle intersections to create more public space
29
The New Regionalism approach includes which 5 characteristics
a. focus on specific territories and spatial planning
b. a response to the problems of a metropolitan region
c. integrating environmental, equity and economic goals
d. emphasis on urban design
e. a more activist stance by planners
30
Who Authored the New Regionalism Approach ?
Stephen Weeler
31
In 2008, the Apa recognized 10 great neighborhoods and 10 great streets. What was the name of the APA program that kicked this off?
Great Places in America
32
Baby Boomer Generation was born between what timeframe?
1946 and 1964
33
What conservation plan covers 9,000 sq. miles of pima county’s desert?
Sonoran Desert Conservation plan
34
As a manager of a planning project, it is important to monitor the project and calculating the Cost variance is one of the tools available. What is the formula to provide you with the cost variance?
Project Variance minus Actual Cost equals Cost Variance
35
geologic material with little or no permeability. This layer also has no hydraulic conductivity which means that water does not pass through this layer.
Confining layer
36
In financing, what can be described as, funds that have been saved for the purchase of future capital improvements?
reserve funds
37
In financing, what can be described as, funds that are used a fixed source of revenue to pay back the debt.
revenue bonds: For example, revenue bonds could be issued to pay for a new water main. The debt would be paid back through the water use fees. Revenue bonds are commonly used to finance utility improvements and special facilities, such as baseball stadiums.
38
According to the APA’s land based classification standards, what are the colors for residential land, retail , and parks and open space, Office and Multi-Family?
residential land is represented by yellow, retail is red, and parks and open space are green. Office (Blue) and Multi-Family (Deep Yellow/Brown)
39
Management by Objective (MBO) was created by whom in 1954?
Peter Drucker
40
What is MBO?
Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees.
41
What type of programming can be described as a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project?
linear programming
42
What are the five things that the PERT focuses on?
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a scheduling technique. It graphically depicts the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project. It is used to help control the cost and time of a project. Five main points of PERT are: 1) focuses of key aspects of program development. 2) identifies potential problems 3) facilitates evaluation of programming 4) provides a speedy reporting device 5) improves the quality management of the decision making.
43
Which budgeting technique has been used for fifty years and uses more sophisticated analysis techniques in the recent years. It has stand-alone packages or programs. Each package describes the what, the cost, who will benefit, and any possible alternatives. The projects can be ranked quickly and objectively ?
Capital Budgeting
44
Who wrote rural by design?
Randall Arendt
45
What did Randall Arendt state?
he wrote that traditional towns had incompatible land uses, and that residential homes were not always separated from commercial uses and expands on this further, stating that conventional zoning and subdivision regulations have succeeded in seperating incompatible land uses, but have created communities that are not "walkable".
46
what do you call a site that has been previously developed with at least 50% of its surface area covered by impervious material?
greyfield
47
This involves goals that are based on what already exists in the community and is a simple projection of what the community desires.
visioning
48
who described shopping centers as uni-functional and why?
Victor Gruen and he stated that these centers should be anchored by a wide range of functions not just shopping. He stated that mixed-use centers should have the following objectives:
1) Reduced Travel times due to a strong “core” that will reduce the need for traveling.
2) Consistency with Market Trends that will be aided by population growth and congestion.
3) There should be more diversification of housing types and densities, opportunities for urbanity and self-sufficiency in mixed-use centers. We tend to see this in almost all regional development plans.
49
What is a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan?
Earned Value…. Ie any variance between where you are supposed to be in the project, and where you actually are
50
the financing of improvements from current revenues is called what?
Pay as you go
51
PPBS (Planning, Programming, and Budgeting Systems) can be described as what?
program oriented with long range projects that emphasizes planning and budgeting
52
How are projects paid for by those who will benefit directly?
Special assessments
53
These can created to provide a single service like schools, toll roads, or parks.
Special districts
54
How dwelling units per acre can support ridership on public transit?
4 to 7 units per acre
55
According to the US Census Bureau in 2001, what was true about 2 out of 3 American householders?
they owned their own homes
56
what are sediments consisting of sand, silt, clay, and gravel in varying proportions?
alluvium
57
Through successive rounds of argument and counter argument the views of the public, special interest groups, staff, and government work towards a consensus.
Policy Delphi
58
What is the term that best describes the zone that becomes unsaturated when a well in an unconfined aquifer is pumped?
Cone of depression
59
What is considered to be the oldest type of legal description?
metes and bounds
60
Different than other plans because the process is different. This Plan is more focused, its main purpose is to direct resources to accomplish its goals, and the decisions it is intended to affect are more limited in scope. What kind of plan is it?
strategic plan
61
What is the name of the first full time planner employed by American city? And what city and when?
Harland Bartholomew, st. louis, 1916
62
what and when was the first comprehensive city plan?
Cincinnati Plan, 1925
63
When and where was the first regional planning agency founded?
Atlanta, 1949, Atlanta Metropolitan Council
64
What was the significance of Stuart chapin’s urban land use planning?
First textbook on planning presenting a holistic methodology for creating a plan
65
What technique relies upon receiving input from individuals with different types of expertise or knowledge. The views of each are presented and considered in successive rounds of questions, with each round working toward greater classification of an issue?
Delphi technique
66
What are the concerns that a comprehensive plan focuses on?
a. demographic trends,
b. current and future land use
c. economic development
d. environmental constraints
e. transportation planning
f. housing and implementation
67
What is the name of a plan for roads, bridges, sewer lines and estimates future needs and sources of funding, usually a 5-6 year schedule?
capital facilities plan
68
What is the name of a plan that details potential financing for capital improvements through the use of bonds, special districts, TIF?
Capital Improvement Plan
69
What is the difference between a goal and an objective?
a goal is a desired state of affairs to which planning efforts are directed. Goals are value-based statements. Objectives is also value-based by offers more specific, MEASUREABLE statements of how to achieve the desired ends
70
What is a policy?
a general rule for action that outlines how the goals and objectives of a plan should be realized
71
What is the role of the planning commission ?
makes recommendations to the city governing body on short and long term planning, development reviews etc
72
What is the role of the zoning board of adjustments?
Makes recommendations to governing body on variances, special use permits, appeals of divisions made of zoning officer
73
What is this the old approach to planning? Ideas was that planner, with a vast supply of knowledge, would identify a problem, set goals, and objectives, identify and evaluate alternatives, select best alternative and implement the plan.
rational planning
74
what was Charles Lindblom’s response to rational planning?
incremental planning
75
This model of planning takes the perspective that there are large inequalities in the political system and in the bargaining process between groups that result in large numbers of people unorganized and unrepresented in the process. It concerns itself with ensuring that all people are equally represented in the planning process by advocating for the interests of the underprivileged and seeking social change
advocacy planning
76
Who wrote Rules for Radical and when?
Saul Alinski, 1971
77
Who wrote Ladder of Participation?
Sherry Arnstein
78
Who is Considered to be Father of advocacy planning?
Paul Davidoff
79
What are the steps in project management?
Initiate, plan, execute, control, close
80
What is the role of the planning director?
a. communication of agency goals to subordinates
b. motivation of subordinates
c. reporting the agency’s work and accomplishments
81
used in project management to organize and allocate time among various tasks
gantt chart?
82
what is the name of the technique that shows how different tasks are related, depicts tasks and duration of task using forked lines, used to reallocate available resources among tasks in order to keep the project on time and on budget
PERT, Program Evaluation Review Technique
83
This technique is similar to PERT, shows what tasks must be completed before another task may happen. Used to model the activities of a project as a network and show which activities are critical to the project and which are not.
CPM, Critical Path Method
84
This is a traditional Municipal budget. They divide expenditures into categories as equipment and personnel. Not easily used as a management tool
Line Item Budget
85
This budgeting method organizes expenditures by the services they fund and sets evaluation standards for each service. Used as a management tool
performance tool
86
This budge method divides govt opertations into program components rather than objectives of expenditure. Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications of current budgeting decisions, considers all costs and analyzes alternatives
Planning Programming Budgetary System (PPBS)
87
This budget system is not based on the previous year’s budget. Each year’s budget starts at a base of zero and each program and expenditure in the budget must be justified annually; developed by Texas Instruments in the 1970’s
Zero-base budgeting
88
Budget system that is a simplified combination of PPBS and Zero Based budgeting. Programs are listed in rows and categories such as responsible department, time required, etc are listed as columns
Dayton System
89
This is a multi-year scheduling of public physical improvements based on fiscal analysis and population projections. 5-6 year period
Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
90
This planner’s organizing skills were focused on improving the living conditions of poor communities across North America. In the 1950s, he began turning his attention to improving conditions in the African-American ghettos, beginning with Chicago's and later traveling to other ghettos in California, Michigan, New York City, and a dozen other "trouble spots".
Saul Alinski
91
This planner said planners shouldn’t be value neutral but instead should represent special needs and interest groups.
paul Davidoff
92
what are the eight elements to a strategic plan?
- Analyze the community's needs.
- Identify results - determine what long-term objectives the city is going to pursue.
- Admit uncertainties - analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) relating to the objectives.
- Involve strategic stakeholders.
- Develop and evaluate alternatives.
- Identify the role of the city.
- Develop a funding policy.
- Evaluate performance.
93
How is strategic planning different from Comprehensive planning
Strategic planning is short term in focus and is specific in accomplishing certain objectives.
Strategic planning is sometimes used instead of comprehensive planning, yet it is not comprehensive in scope. Strategic planning is helpful in looking at the needed organizational changes or a particular issue, but it cannot be used to effectively plan a city as a whole.
94
what are 6 different types of surveys?
```
written
group administered
drop off
oral
phone
electronic
```
95
what are the four types of data?
nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
96
what is the most accurate population estimate approach
cohort population, but requires a large amount of data
97
These people were born between 1965 and 1976, which was a period of low birth rates.
Generation X
98
These are the children of the baby boomers. These people were born between approximately 1977 and 2000.
Gen Y (Echo Boom), millennials
99
these are the children born after 2000, New Silent Generation
Generation Z
100
what are the type types of budget?
A budget serves to set spending priorities.
1) operating
2) capital
101
What kind of budget includes everyday expenditures of an organization, such as supplies, personnel, and maintenance of office space.
operating budget
102
What kind of budget includes long-term purchases, such as a new building, recreation center, water main, or major equipment.
capital budget
103
What are voter-approved bonds for capital called?
General Obligation Bonds, they use the tax revenue of the government to pay back the debt;
104
What are four types of specialized financing arrangements?
TIF
special assessments
lease purchase
grants
105
What are the three types of taxes?
* Progressive - The tax rate increases as income rises. For example, the federal income tax system taxes those with high incomes a higher tax rate than those with low incomes;
* Proportional - The tax rate is the same regardless of income. For example, a property tax rate is the same regardless of the price of your home. A person who owns a $50,000 home pays the same proportion as a person who owns a $250,000 home;
* Regressive - The tax rate decreases as income rises.
106
biggest change in from 2000 census to 2010 census
no more long form
107
What are the two main time periods of surveys?
cross sectional
| longitudinal
108
This survey is over a period of time. Some cities conduct a citizen survey of service satisfaction every couple of years. This data can be combined to compare the differences in satisfaction between 1995 and 2005.
longitudinal
109
This type of survey gathers information about a population at a single point in time. For example, planners might conduct a survey on how parents feel about the quality of recreation facilities as of today.
cross-sectional
110
what are goals?
1. direct the public toward their future.
2. basis of plan making.
3. general statement that may not be realized, but is something towards which to strive. An example would be a healthy environment.
111
a process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide the opportunity for them to offer input on how the community could be in the future.
visioning process
112
What does the plan making process include?
Goals and visions;
Analysis of current problems; and
Creation of alternatives.
113
what is strategic planning used for?
to assist an organization in guiding its future. Strategic planning sets goals, objectives, and policies for reaching the set objectives.
114
what are the Major questions a strategic plan should address?
- What is the current situation and how is that situation likely to change in the foreseeable future?
- Where are we going as an organization?
- How will we get there?
115
what are the eight elements of the strategic plan?
eight elements to a strategic plan - Analyze the community's needs.
- Identify results - determine what long-term objectives the city is going to pursue.
- Admit uncertainties - analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) relating to the objectives.
- Involve strategic stakeholders.
- Develop and evaluate alternatives.
- Identify the role of the city.
- Develop a funding policy.
- Evaluate performance.
