planning

Question 1

this is the first management function and it is a crucial and essential part of management.

Answer 1

planning

Question 2

are the targets or desired ends that management wants to reach.

Answer 2

goals

Question 3

are the actions or means that administrators/managers intend to use to achieve organizational goals.

Answer 3

plans

Question 4

refers to the completeness of planning coverage

Answer 4

comprehensiveness

Question 5

long-term plans

Answer 5

covers more than three years

Question 6

short-term plans

Answer 6

covers one year or less

Question 7

refers to very detailed, clearly defined plans wherein objectives are clearly stated and could easily be understood.

Answer 7

specificity

Question 8

refers to the number of times or instances a plan may be used.

Answer 8

frequency of use

Question 9

plans that establish the organization’s overall goals and apply to the entire firm

Answer 9

strategic plans

Question 10

plans that apply to a particular unit area only, their scope is narrow

Answer 10

operational plans

Question 11

plans that are flexible or give general guidelines only

Answer 11

directional plans

Question 12

plans that are clearly stated and which have no room for interpretation; language used must be very understandable.

Answer 12

specific plans

Question 13

plans used or stated once only as this applies to the entire organization

Answer 13

single-use plans

Question 14

plans that are ongoing; provide guidance for different activities done repeatedly

Answer 14

standing plans

Question 15

top-level management planning

Answer 15

strategic planning

Question 16

middle-level management planning

Answer 16

tactical planning

Question 17

this refers to a set of procedures for changing or transforming broad strategic goals and plans into specific goals and plans that are applicable and needed in one unit/portion of the organization.

Answer 17

tactical planning

Question 18

lower-level management planning

Answer 18

operational planning

Question 19

Change in an attribute, condition, factor, parameter, or value that represents crossing a threshold and actuates or initiates a mechanism or reaction that may lead to a radically different state of affairs.

Answer 19

trigger point

Question 20

is an attempt to predict what may happen in the future.

Answer 20

forecasting

Question 21

is another planning technique that generally involves external comparisons of a company’s practices and technologies with those of other companies.

Answer 21

benchmarking

Question 22

is a planning process that includes the people who will be affected by the plans and those who will be asked to implement them in all planning steps.

Answer 22

participatory planning

Question 23

enumerate the types of decisions

Answer 23

structured/ programmed decision

unstructured/ non-programmed decisions

Question 24

is a process which begins with problem identification and ends with the evaluation of implemented solutions.

Answer 24

decision-making

Question 25

a decision that is repetitive and can be handled by using a routine approach. Such repetitive decision applies to resolving problems which are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined.

Answer 25

structured/ programmed decision

Question 26

applied to the resolution of problems that are new or unusual, and for which information is incomplete. Such decisions are described to be unique, nonrecurring and need custom-made decisions.

Answer 26

unstructured/ non-programmed decisions

Question 27

ideal conditions in deciding problems; these are situations in which a manager can make precise decisions because the results of all alternatives are known.

Answer 27

certainty conditions

Question 28

it is a more common condition in deciding problems. it compel the decision maker to do estimates regarding the possible occurrence of certain outcomes that may affect his or her chosen solution to a problem.

Answer 28

risk/ uncertainty conditions