planning

Question 1

types of planning descriptions

Answer 1

-planning as a basic human activity
-planning as a rational choice
-planning as control of future action
-planning as a special kind of problem solving

Question 2

Basic activity that pervades human behavior at every level of society

Answer 2

planning as a basic human activity

Question 3

choice that meets certain standards of consistency and logic

Answer 3

planning as a rational choice

Question 4

the ability to control the future consequences of present actions

Answer 4

planning as control of future action

Question 5

Planning’s purpose

Answer 5

make the future different from what it would have been without the intervention

Question 6

what planning is not

Answer 6

-not a purely individual activity
-not present-oriented
-cannot be routinized
-has little or nothing in common with trial and error approaches to problem solving
-not just imagining of desirable futures

Question 7

planning must be

Answer 7

-societal
-future-oriented
-non-routinized
-deliberate
-action oriented

Question 8

is the deliberate social or organizational activity of developing an optimal strategy for achieving a desired set of goals

Answer 8

planning

Question 9

central feature of planning

Answer 9

rationality

Question 10

a way of choosing the best means to attain a given end

Answer 10

rationality

Question 11

a tool that enables us to make choices according to certain standards of logic

Answer 11

rationality

Question 12

logic of axioms

Answer 12

rationality

Question 13

axioms of logic in planning

Answer 13

-preferences must be transitive
-probabilities and utilities must be independent
-inadmissibility of dominated choices

Question 14

ranked in order: from best to worst

Answer 14

preferences must be transitive

Question 15

one’s assessment of the likelihood that some event or outcome will happen (its probability) should not be affected by the value one would assign to that event or outcome (its utility)

Answer 15

probabilities and utilities must be independent

Question 16

superior option must be chosen

Answer 16

inadmissibility of dominated choices

Question 17

contextual planning models

Answer 17

-comprehensive planning
-social planning
-advocacy planning
-bureaucratic planning
-radical or anti-planning
-nonplanning

Question 18

recognizes complexity of factors affecting physical land or land use decisions

Answer 18

comprehensive planning

Question 19

oriented towards social needs more that to physical planning

Answer 19

social planning

Question 20

considers special and/or marginalized groups

Answer 20

advocacy planning

Question 21

value-neutral administrator

Answer 21

bureaucratic planning

Question 22

social change outside the governmental establishment or in active opposition to it

Answer 22

radical or antiplanning

Question 23

people’s behavior and interaction will eventually produce socially optimal outcomes with minimum regulation

Answer 23

nonplanning

Question 24

planner’s roles

Answer 24

-technician administrator
-political roles
-mobilizer
-mediator
-entrepreneur
-advocate and guerilla

Question 25

technical expert at the service of elected officials

Answer 25

technician administrator

Question 26

develop support for plan implementation

Answer 26

mobilizer

Question 27

combine diverse and conflicting interests

Answer 27

mediator

Question 28

gathering the resources needed to implement the plans

Answer 28

entrepreneur

Question 29

represent special interest groups

Answer 29

advocate and guerilla

Question 30

sequential, multi-staged process in which many of the phases are linked to their predecessors by feedback loops

Answer 30

planning processc

Question 31

planning components

Answer 31

-problems diagnosis -goal articulation -prediction and projection -alternatives development -feasibility analysis -evaluation -implementation

Question 32

cyclical planning process

Answer 32

policy, plan generation, evaluation, implementation

Question 33

the definition of goals objectives

Answer 33

policy

Question 34

the identification of problems and issues

Answer 34

policy

Question 35

the development of strategies/plans for achieving goals

Answer 35

plan generation

Question 36

the development of policies for solving problems

Answer 36

plan generation

Question 37

testing and evaluation strategies and policy packages

Answer 37

evaluation

Question 38

implementing strategies and policies and monitoring against defined performance criteria

Answer 38

implementation and monitoring

Question 39

analytic tools in policy analysis

Answer 39

-systems approach -modeling -simulations

Question 40

Any process or situation can be analyzed as a system

Answer 40

systems approach

Question 41

is defined as a set of components whose interdependencies with one another are stronger than their relationship with other elements outside the system.

Answer 41

A system

Question 42

A change in one component will result in a change in the other components

Answer 42

systems approach

Question 43

Anything affecting one component will affect all the other components

Answer 43

systems approach

Question 44

An abstraction or representation of the reality

Answer 44

Modeling

Question 45

Different kinds of analytic tools in policy analysis

Answer 45

iconic analog symbolic

Question 46

those that look like reality (e.g. scale model of a house)

Answer 46

Iconic

Question 47

those in which there is correspondence between elements and action in the model and those in reality but no direct physical resemblance (e.g. charts, graphs)

Answer 47

Analog

Question 48

representation of entities of a system through symbols (e.g. F=ma)

Answer 48

Symbolic

Question 49

A replication or imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system Are important predictive tools

Answer 49

Simulations

Question 50

evaluation tools in policy analysis

Answer 50

-benefit cost analysis -cost effectiveness analysis -impact analysis

Question 51

benefit cost ratio

Answer 51

benefit cost analysis

Question 52

units of output per peso cost

Answer 52

cost effectiveness analysis

Question 53

EIS TIA SIA

Answer 53

Impact analysis

Question 54

planning sectors

Answer 54

social economic physical institutional environment

Question 55

 seeks to improve the state of well-being of the local population and upgrade the quality of social services such as health, education, welfare, housing, etc.

Answer 55

social sector

Question 56

- ensures that the economy is in a sound state of health thru the use of various measures to create a favorable climate for private investments

Answer 56

economic sector

Question 57

- lays down the physical base of the social and economic development of the area, and provides infrastructure support requirements of other development sectors

Answer 57

physical sector

Question 58

 - focuses on strengthening the capability of the bureaucracy and elective officials to manage effectively planned growth and change

Answer 58

Institutional sector

Question 59

- seeks to provide mechanisms for the effective partnerships and linkages

Answer 59

Institutional sector

Question 60

fiscal administration

Answer 60

Institutional sector

Question 61

- consolidates the environmental implications of all development proposals w/l the municipality and provides mitigating and preventive measures for their anticipated impacts

Answer 61

Environment sector

Question 62

- maintaining the cleanliness of air, water and land resources and rehabilitating degraded areas

Answer 62

Environment sector

Question 63

- preservation/ conservation and management of protected areas -and wildlife

Answer 63

Environment sector