Planning Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
What is Planning?
A
- Planning is a key function of local authorities.
- It involves long term development planning and development control.
- Local Planning Authorities are responsible for planning.
2
Q
Local Planning Authorities (LPAs)
A
- LPAs are district councils in two-tier areas and unitary authorities elsewhere.
- They are responsible for ensuring sufficient houses, roads, schools, factories, and shops through development planning.
- They also decide on individual planning applications through development control.
- LPAs operate under a ‘general power of competence’ from the Localism Act 2011, allowing them to do anything an individual can, provided they don’t break other laws, to reduce red tape and encourage entrepreneurial approaches.
- Parish councils have a right to be consulted over major planning applications.
- In two-tier areas, county or shire councils are responsible for strategic countywide planning like waste disposal and mineral extraction.
3
Q
Development Planning
A
- Involves long term planning to accommodate expected population numbers.
- Councils must create a local plan.
- Local plans must incorporate a “presumption in favour of sustainable development”.
- This includes mandatory housing targets for councils.
- There is an emphasis on building affordable homes.
- Strategic countywide planning is the responsibility of county or shire councils in two-tier areas.
4
Q
Development Control
A
- This is the process of deciding whether to approve planning applications for specific developments.
- Decisions are made by local authority councillors.
- Councillors receive advice from officers regarding planning law
5
Q
Types of Planning Consent
A
- Outline planning permission or consent: Grants permission for development in principle based on broad outlines.
◦ Lasts for five years.
◦ Land is frequently sold with outline planning permission.
- Detailed planning permission: Provides consent based on detailed plans showing the exact number and location of buildings.
◦ Lasts for five years.
6
Q
Decisions on Planning Applications
A
Councillors have three options when considering an application:
- Give unconditional approval.
- Give conditional approval, attaching conditions like improved access or traffic management.
- Refuse permission.
- Change of use consent may be needed if the type of business in premises changes.
7
Q
The Planning Process
A
- Developers submit an application to the local planning authority.
- The application is registered, immediate neighbours are informed, and the parish council is notified.
- Major applications may be advertised locally or have public exhibitions.
- Planning officers evaluate the proposal and provide a recommendation.
- Councillors make the final decision.
*Routine applications are often handled by sub-committees.
*Local authorities aim to determine minor applications within two months and major decisions within 13 weeks.
8
Q
Planning Appeals
A
If permission is refused, the applicant has six months to appeal to the Secretary of State.
The Planning Inspectorate handles appeals.
Appeals can be processed via:
- Written representations and site visit (most common).
- Formal hearing with both parties.
- Full planning enquiry taking evidence from parties.
- The Secretary of State can “call in” controversial applications for a final decision.
9
Q
Planning Gain (Section 106 Agreements)
A
- Developers may offer “sweeteners” or “planning gain” to the local authority or community.
- Examples include building new school classrooms, providing affordable housing, leisure facilities, or constructing new roads.
- These are also known as planning contributions.
- They are formally known as Section 106 Agreements under the 1990 Town and Country Planning Act.
10
Q
Areas with Extra Protection
A
Certain areas with special scenic or scientific value have extra protection from development.
These include:
- National Parks.
- Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
- Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
- Individual buildings can be listed for historical or architectural interest.
- Conservation areas protect buildings from unsuitable alterations.
11
Q
Useful Planning Terms
A
- Greenfield sites: Undeveloped areas designated for building.
- Brownfield sites: Previously developed areas (industry/housing) available for building.
- Greenbelt: Limits development in countryside around cities to prevent urban sprawl.
- Compulsory Purchase Order: Allows local authorities to buy property/land for big developments.
- Planning blight: Decrease in value of nearby properties after permission for a contentious scheme.
- Land banks: Ownership of large undeveloped land areas held for future development.
- NIMBY: Colloquial term meaning “Not in my back yard” for those opposing local development.
12
Q
Proposed Reforms in Planning
A
Government proposals include:
- Pressure on councils to facilitate house building to meet targets.
- Potentially removing council powers to block planning applications.
- Speeding up decision-making by allowing officers to make certain decisions instead of councillors (not yet law).
- Cutting down the number and length of appeals.
Cutting down the number of required consultations. - Building on the “grey” belt.
Labour’s plans include reforming the planning system and increasing the building of social housing.
13
Q
Greenfield sites:
A
Undeveloped areas designated for building.
14
Q
Brownfield sites:
A
Previously developed areas (industry/housing) available for building.
15
Q
Greenbelt:
A
Limits development in countryside around cities to prevent urban sprawl.
16
Q
Compulsory Purchase Order:
A
Allows local authorities to buy property/land for big developments.
17
Q
Planning blight:
A
Decrease in value of nearby properties after permission for a contentious scheme.
18
Q
Land banks:
A
Ownership of large undeveloped land areas held for future development.
19
Q
NIMBY:
A
Colloquial term meaning “Not in my back yard” for those opposing local development.
20
Q
What is Planning?
A
Planning is a key function of local authorities.
- It involves long term development planning and development control.
- Local Planning Authorities are responsible for planning.
Flashcard: Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) - LPAs are district councils in two-tier areas and unitary authorities elsewhere.
- They are responsible for ensuring sufficient houses, roads, schools, factories, and shops through development planning.
- They also decide on individual planning applications through development control.
- LPAs operate under a ‘general power of competence’ from the Localism Act 2011, allowing them to do anything an individual can, provided they don’t break other laws, to reduce red tape and encourage entrepreneurial approaches.
- Parish councils have a right to be consulted over major planning applications.
- In two-tier areas, county or shire councils are responsible for strategic countywide planning like waste disposal and mineral extraction.
21
Q
A
22
Q
Development Planning
A
Involves long term planning to accommodate expected population numbers.
- Councils must create a local plan.
- Local plans must incorporate a “presumption in favour of sustainable development”.
- This includes mandatory housing targets for councils.
- There is an emphasis on building affordable homes.
- Strategic countywide planning is the responsibility of county or shire councils in two-tier areas.
23
Q
Development Control
A
- This is the process of deciding whether to approve planning applications for specific developments.
- Decisions are made by local authority councillors.
- Councillors receive advice from officers regarding planning law.
24
Q
Types of Planning Consent
A
Outline planning permission or consent: Grants permission for development in principle based on broad outlines.
- Lasts for five years.
- Land is frequently sold with outline planning permission.
- Detailed planning permission: Provides consent based on detailed plans showing the exact number and location of buildings.
- Lasts five years
25
Decisions on Planning Applications
Councillors have three options when considering an application:
- Give unconditional approval.
- Give conditional approval, attaching conditions like improved access or traffic management.
- Refuse permission.
Change of use consent may be needed if the type of business in premises changes.
26
The Planning Process
* Developers submit an application to the local planning authority.
* The application is registered, immediate neighbours are informed, and the parish council is notified.
* Major applications may be advertised locally or have public exhibitions.
- Planning officers evaluate the proposal and provide a recommendation.
* Councillors make the final decision.
- Routine applications are often handled by sub-committees.
- Local authorities aim to determine minor applications within two months and major decisions within 13 weeks.
27
Planning Appeals
If permission is refused, the applicant has six months to appeal to the Secretary of State.
The Planning Inspectorate handles appeals.
Appeals can be processed via:
- Written representations and site visit (most common).
- Formal hearing with both parties.
-
- Full planning enquiry taking evidence from parties.
- The Secretary of State can “call in” controversial applications for a final decision.
28
Areas with Extra Protection
* Certain areas with special scenic or scientific value have extra protection from development.
These include:
- National Parks.
- Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
- Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
- Individual buildings can be listed for historical or architectural interest.
- Conservation areas protect buildings from unsuitable alterations.
29
Greenfield sites:
Undeveloped areas designated for building.
30
Brownfield sites:
Previously developed areas (industry/housing) available for building.
31
Greenbelt:
Limits development in countryside around cities to prevent urban sprawl.
32
Compulsory Purchase Order:
Allows local authorities to buy property/land for big developments.
33
Planning blight:
Decrease in value of nearby properties after permission for a contentious scheme.
34
Land banks:
Ownership of large undeveloped land areas held for future development.
35
NIMBY:
Colloquial term meaning “Not in my back yard” for those opposing local development
36
Proposed Reforms in Planning
Government proposals include:
- Pressure on councils to facilitate house building to meet targets.
- Potentially removing council powers to block planning applications.
- Speeding up decision-making by allowing officers to make certain decisions instead of councillors (not yet law).
- Cutting down the number and length of appeals.
- Cutting down the number of required consultations.
- Building on the “grey” belt.
Labour's plans include reforming the planning system and increasing the building of social housing.
37
Flashcard: Planning Gain (Section 106 Agreements)
* Developers may offer “sweeteners” or “planning gain” to the local authority or community.
* Examples include building new school classrooms, providing affordable housing, leisure facilities, or constructing new roads.
* These are also known as planning contributions.
* They are formally known as Section 106 Agreements under the 1990 Town and Country Planning Act.
