Plant and Animal Cells

Question 1

Define exergonic

Answer 1

Energy releasing

Question 2

Define catabolic

Answer 2

Breaking down a larger substance into smaller molecules

Question 3

Define endergonic

Answer 3

Energy requiring

Question 4

Define anabolic

Answer 4

Producing (building up) a larger substance from smaller molecules

Question 5

State the five types of monosaccharide

Answer 5

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Deoxyribose
Ribose

Question 6

State the three types of disaccharides and the monomers they are made from

Answer 6

Lactose - Glucose + Galactose
Maltose - Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose - Glucose + Fructose

Question 7

State the three types of polysaccharides and their functions

Answer 7

Glycogen - Energy storage in animals
Cellulose - Cell wall in plants (strength and support)
Starch - Energy storage in plants

Question 8

Give an example of an exergonic catabolic reaction

Answer 8

Aerobic cellular respiration

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Give an example of an endergonic anabolic reaction

Answer 9

Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Condensation polymerisation

Question 10

State the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 10

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 11

State the word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration in humans

Answer 11

Glucose —> lactic acid

Question 12

Name the three parts of aerobic cellular respiration and where they occur in a cell

Answer 12

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol
Kerbs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
Electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondrial cristae

Question 13

State the word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration in yeast

Answer 13

Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 14

Write the three things that appear above/below the arrow for the photosynthesis equation

Answer 14

light, excess water, chlorophyll

Question 15

Would a catabolic reaction be associated with an endergonic or an exergonic energy change?

Answer 15

Exergonic

Question 16

Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions occur in photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Light dependent reactions occur in the Grana of the chloroplast
Light independent reactions occur in the Stroma of the chloroplast

Question 17

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 17

A condition which prevents a reaction (or process) from proceeding at a greater rate.

Question 18

Name four examples of processes that use ATP in the human body

Answer 18

Controlling body temperature;
Active Transport;
Muscle contraction;
Protein synthesis