Plant And Animal Cells Book Notes

Question 1

Ribosome

Answer 1

The site of protein synthesis in a cell.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

The water-based gel in the organelles of all living cells are suspended and it’s where chemical reactions happen.

Question 3

Nucleus (of a cell)

Answer 3

An organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

The membrane around the contents of a cell which controls what moves in and out of the cell.

Question 6

Cell wall (plant only)

Answer 6

A rigid structure which surrounds the cells of living organisms apart from animals.

Question 7

Chlorophyll (plant only)

Answer 7

The green pigment contained in the chloroplast.

Question 8

Chloroplast (plant only)

Answer 8

The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.

Question 9

Permanent vacuole (plant only)

Answer 9

A space in which the cytoplasm filled with cell sap which is there all the time.

Question 10

Draw and label a plant cell
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Name plant cell parts

Answer 10

Chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, cell wall.

Question 11

Draw and label an animal cell
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Name animal cell parts

Answer 11

Mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome.

Question 12

Cells under microscopes, onion cell experiment

Answer 12

Fill in later.

Question 13

Match cell up with images

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Answer 13

Ovum (egg cell), red blood cell, white blood cell, fat cell, neurone, muscle cell, sperm cell, cone cell, gland cell, root hair cell, guard cells, palisade cell, xylem cell, phloem cell

Question 14

Ovum (egg cell)

Answer 14

. Female sex cell
. Large in diameter
. Contains stored food
. Large nucleus

Question 15

Red blood cell

Answer 15

. Carry oxygen around the body
. Large surface area
. Small diameter 
. No nucleus 
. Contains haemoglobin

Question 16

White blood cell

Answer 16

. Protect against disease
. Engulfs and destroys pathogen
. Produces antibodies
. Produces antitoxins to neutralise the toxins released by pathogens

Question 17

Fat cell

Answer 17

. Store fat for when food is in short supply
. Have little normal cytoplasm
. Have a few mitochondria
. Can expand up to 1000x

Question 18

Neurone

Answer 18

. Carry information from one part of the body to another
. Long and thin
. Form connections with other neurones
. Carry electrical impulses in one direction

Question 19

Muscle cell

Answer 19

. Allow movement of and in the body e.g. walking, food moving through the intestines
. Elongated
. Contain many mitochondria
. Can contract

Question 20

Sperm cell

Answer 20

. Male sex cell
. Large nucleus 
. Contains digestive enzymes 
. Many mitochondria 
. Long tail

Question 21

Cone cell

Answer 21

. Form a light sensitive layer in the eye which allows you to see in colour
. Contains a special chemical which changes in coloured light
. Many mitochondria
. Specialised synapse to connect to the optic nerve

Question 22

Gland cell

Answer 22

. Produce specific chemicals which are needed by the body e.g. saliva in the mouth, oestrogen by the ovaries
. Large cells
. Lie next to blood capillaries
. Able to manufacture and secrete chemicals

Question 23

Root hair cell

Answer 23

. Allow water to move around the plant to where it is needed
. Support the plant
. Thin membrane
. Large surface area for absorption

Question 24

Guard cells

Answer 24

. To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions
. Half-circle shape
. Found in pairs

Question 25

Palisade cell

Answer 25

. Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
. Packed with chloroplasts
. Regularly shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight

Question 26

Xylem cell

Answer 26

. Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
. Contain little cytoplasm an cell organelles
. Form tubes

Question 27

Phloem cell

Answer 27

. Carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant
. Hollow
. Form hollow tubes (no cytoplasm *ones walls)
. Walls contain lignin