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Level 3 Biology > Plant and Animal Responses > Flashcards

Plant and Animal Responses Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Actogram

A

Graphical representation of an organism’s activity during a day.

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2
Q

Auxins

A

A plant growth hormone that promotes growth by cell enlargement/elongation in plants shoot and germination seeds.

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3
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

A harmless organism copies the pattern of a dangerous organism to get protection.

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4
Q

Biological Clock

A

The mechanism that produces regular periodic changes in behavioural or physiology due to an internal clock.

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5
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The directional movement of an animal in response to chemicals in the environment.

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6
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 24 hour a solar day.

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7
Q

Circalunar Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is about 29.5 day approximates the cycle of a lunar month.

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8
Q

Circannual Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 365.25 days, the cycle of a solar year.

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9
Q

Circatidal Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is about 12.5 hour, approximates the cycle of the tides.

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10
Q

Commensalism

A

An interaction/relationship between two animal or plant species that live together in which one species benefits from the association while the other is not affected.

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11
Q

Community

A

All plants and animals living in a defined area.

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12
Q

Competition

A

The interaction/relationship between two or more organisms, populations, or species that share some environmental resource when this is in short supply.

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13
Q

Complex Hierarchy

A

Is a social structure in which each animal has a relative position of dominance.

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14
Q

Cooperative Breeding

A

A breeding system in which members of an extended family all help in the rearing of offspring.

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15
Q

Cooperative Defense

A

Where members of a group combine their strengths to defend against predators.

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16
Q

Courtship behaviour

A

Behaviour in animals that plays a part in the initial attraction of a mate or as a prelude to mating. These are often species specific.

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17
Q

Crepuscular Animals

A

Animals that are most active at dawn and dusk.

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18
Q

Day Neutral Plants

A

A plant in which flowering can occur irrespective of the day length.

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19
Q

Dominance

A

Behaviour shown by an individual that is higher in hierarchy than the individual it is relating with.

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20
Q

Endogenous

A

Rhythm controlled by an internal biological clock due to their DNA.

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21
Q

Entrainment

A

The resetting of the biological clock on a regular basis, forcing it to take up the period of the environmental cycle.

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22
Q

Environmental Cues

A

A change in the external environment that triggers a change in behaviour or physiology.

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23
Q

Exploitation

A

An interaction between species in which one benefits by using the other as a source of food or shelter.

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24
Q

Free Running Period

A

The period of a biological rhythm in the absence of external environmental cues.

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25
Geotaxis
The directional movement of an animal in response to gravity.
26
Geotropism
The directional growth of plant organs in response to gravity.
27
Herbivorism
Form of exploitation where one animal eats a plant.
28
Home Range
An area that is occupied by members of a species to find food/resources but is not defended.
29
Homing
The ability of an organism to find its way back to a specific area.
30
Indoleacetic Acid
A naturally occurring auxin, synthesised in the shoot tips and responsible for cell elongation in the plant system.
31
Innate Behaviour
Behaviour which is controlled by our biological clock/DNA.
32
Interspecific Relationships
Interactions between different species.
33
Intraspecific Relationships
Interactions between members of the same species.
34
Kinesis
The non-directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity of the stimulus.
35
K-Strategy
A reproductive strategy where the parens produce a few young and give them lots of parental care. Most of the young survive.
36
Learned behaviour
Behaviour not controlled by our biological clock/DNA.
37
Linear Hierarchy
Ranked order of organisms in a population from most dominant to most submissive.
38
Long Day Plants
A plant in which flowering can be induced or enhanced by long days (short nights), usually with more than 12 hours of daylight.
39
Migration
The seasonal mass movement of organisms from one area to another and back.
40
Mullerian Mimicry
Two or more poisonous species have similar colouration therefore get protection.
41
Mutualism
A relationship where two species both benefit from the relationship.
42
Nastic Movements
Non-directional movements of plants in response to external stimuli.
43
Navigation
Methods organisms use to find their way. Can be solar, stellar, magnetic, ocean currents etc.
44
Negative tropism
A plant growth response away from a stimulus.
45
Nocturnal Animal
Animals that are active at night.
46
Parasitism
A form of exploitation where one species lives on another to obtain food.
47
Period of Activity
Time from the start of activity until the start of activity again.
48
Phase Shift
When light/dark is altered, the phase shift is the amount by which the period alters.
49
Photoperiodism
The response of an organism to changes in day length.
50
Phototaxis
The directional movement of an animal to light.
51
Phototropism
The directional growth of plant organs in response to light.
52
Phytochrome
A pigment that exists in two forms: Pr -Pfr in the day and Pfr-Pr during the night.
53
Pineal Gland
Small pea shaped gland in the brain which acts as our timekeeper.
54
Predation
A form of exploitation where one animal hunts another animals for food.
55
R-Strategy
A reproductive strategy where the parents use their energy to produce lots of offspring but give no parental care to the young.
56
SCN - Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Cells in the brain which keep track of day and night length.
57
Short Day Plants
A plant in which flowering can be induced or enhanced by short days (long nights), usually with less than 12 hours of daylight.
58
Taxes
Directional movements of animals towards or away in response to external stimuli.
59
Territory
An area which an organism or a group of organisms utilise and actively defend.
60
Thigmotropism
The growth of an aerial plant organ in response to localised physical contact.
61
Tropism
Directional growth of a plant towards or away from a stimulus.
62
Zeitgeber
The environmental agent that resents the biological clock.

Level 3 Biology (3 decks)

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